. 2024 Apr 21;22:196. doi: 10.1186/s12951-024-02452-1

Table 1.

CAF subpopulations and markers were identified in different desmoplastic tumors

Desmoplastic tumors	Samples	CAF subpopulations	Markers	Functions	References
Breast cancer	Patient samples	myCAF	FAP, ACTA2 and PDPN	ECM-producing	[38]
Breast cancer	Patient samples	iCAF	CXCL12	Immune evasion	[38]
Breast cancer and ovarian cancer	Patient samples	CAF-S1	FAP, αSMA	Immunosuppressive Tumor invasion Lymph-nodes metastasis	[35, 41, 42]
		CAF-S2	Not reported	Not reported
		CAF-S3	PDGFRβ, FSP1 and CD29	Not reported
		CAF-S4	αSMA, CD29	Lymph-nodes metastasis Tumor invasion
Breast cancer	Patient samples	CD146^posCAFs	CD146^pos	Sustains estrogen-dependent proliferation	[43]
Breast cancer	Patient samples	CD146^negCAFs	CD146^neg	Enhance tamoxifen resistance	[43]
Breast cancer and lung cancer	Patient samples	CD10⁺GPR77⁺CAF	CD10 and GPR77	Promote tumor formation Sustain CSCs	[45]
Lung cancer	Patient samples	5 clusters	αSMA (cluster 2)	Angiogenesis	[46]
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Patient samples; KPC mice tumors	myCAF	αSMA, transgelin, TPM1, TPM2, MMP11, POSTN and homeobox transcription factor	ECM-producing	[37, 47, 48]
		iCAF	IL-6, IL-8, IL-11, Lif, CXCL12, PDGFRα, HAS1 and HAS2	Immunosuppressive/tumor promoting
		Antigen-presenting CAF	MHC II, CD74 and serum amyloid A3	Antigen-present Immunomodulatory
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	Patient samples	CAF-A	POSTN	Tumor proliferation Tumor invasion	[40]
		CAF-B	Myosin-11	Lymph-node metastasis
		CAF-C	PDPN	Promote immune
		CAF-D	Not reported	Not reported
Colorectal cancer	Patient samples	CAF-A	COL1A2, MMP2 and DCN	ECM-producing	[49]
Colorectal cancer	Patient samples	CAF-B	PDGFA, TAGLN and ACTA2	Not reported	[49]
Cholangiocarcinoma	Patient samples; KRAS/p19 and YaP/AKT mouse tumors	myCAF	COL1A1, HAS2/HA	ECM-producing	[39]
		iCAF	HGF	Tumor promoting
		PF/mesCAF	PF/mesothelial	Not reported