Table 2.

Overcoming obstacles to stimulate immune reactivity to cancer

In vivo immune stimulatory approaches		References
■  Combination chemoimmunotherapy		[5, 47]
■  Block production of prostaglandins and other inhibitory factors		[31, 49]
■  Cytokine therapies		[18, 44]
■  Tumor vaccines		[12, 45]
■  Differentiation of mobilized immune inhibitory CD34+ precursor cells		[4, 8, 43]
Ex vivo preparatory strategies prior to in vivo administration		References
■  Dendritic cell maturation and pulsing		[7, 12, 22, 27]
■  T-cell expansion and activation		[13, 65]