Table 3.
Multivariable Cox regression results for the association of C-reactive protein levels with survival among subgroups (C-reactive protein <3 mg/l as reference)
| Outcome | n/events | DACHS cohort |
Pinteraction | n/events | UK Biobank cohort |
Pinteraction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-5 mg/l | 5-10 mg/l | ≥10 mg/l | 3-5 mg/l | 5-10 mg/l | ≥10 mg/l | |||||
| Overall survival | ||||||||||
| Male | 863/434 | 1.20 (0.87-1.66) | 1.96 (1.49-2.57) | 2.14 (1.67-2.75) | 0.47 | 680/218 | 1.37 (0.93-2.01) | 2.14 (1.49-3.06) | 3.13 (2.14-4.58) | 0.44 |
| Female | 553/251 | 0.96 (0.61-1.50) | 1.41 (0.95-2.08) | 1.87 (1.32-2.65) | 469/93 | 1.12 (0.62-2.02) | 0.88 (0.44-1.75) | 2.88 (1.52-5.46) | ||
| <60 years | 290/92 | 0.81 (0.37-1.76) | 1.95 (1.02-3.71) | 3.15 (1.74-5.73) | <0.01 | 356/85 | 1.44 (0.75-2.77) | 1.47 (0.76-2.82) | 3.61 (2.01-6.48) | <0.01 |
| 60-64 years | 246/68 | 0.76 (0.32-1.81) | 2.80 (1.57-5.00) | 2.54 (1.41-4.58) | 422/104 | 1.53 (0.83-2.81) | 2.45 (1.40-4.26) | 4.27 (2.53-7.20) | ||
| ≥65 years | 864/497 | 1.20 (0.89-1.62) | 1.46 (1.13-1.89) | 1.63 (1.28-2.06) | 370/122 | 0.99 (0.62-1.59) | 1.32 (0.80-2.17) | 1.25 (0.65-2.41) | ||
| Normal weight | 536/262 | 1.08 (0.66-1.74) | 1.79 (1.22-2.61) | 2.53 (1.83-3.51) | 0.48 | 292/80 | 1.38 (0.68-2.80) | 3.17 (1.60-6.28) | 5.63 (2.89-11.0) | <0.01 |
| Overweight | 608/296 | 1.05 (0.72-1.53) | 1.55 (1.11-2.17) | 1.38 (1.00-1.90) | 530/125 | 1.40 (0.87-2.25) | 1.60 (0.94-2.72) | 1.91 (1.08-3.36) | ||
| Obese | 272/127 | 1.34 (0.69-2.60) | 2.10 (1.26-3.51) | 2.43 (1.45-4.07) | 327/106 | 0.90 (0.50-1.62) | 1.41 (0.83-2.40) | 2.49 (1.46-4.23) | ||
| Vitamin D deficient | 728/284 | 1.34 (0.69-2.60) | 2.10 (1.26-3.51) | 2.43 (1.45-4.07) | 0.12 | 264/93 | 1.38 (0.77-2.49) | 1.80 (1.02-3.19) | 3.56 (1.95-6.50) | 0.23 |
| Vitamin D insufficient | 408/168 | 1.45 (0.82-2.56) | 1.85 (1.20-2.84) | 2.30 (1.51-3.50) | 494/131 | 1.26 (0.76-2.08) | 1.87 (1.19-2.95) | 2.65 (1.60-4.39) | ||
| Vitamin D sufficient | 280/117 | 1.49 (0.85-2.61) | 2.64 (1.51-4.61) | 2.38 (1.32-4.29) | 391/87 | 1.19 (0.65-2.19) | 0.92 (0.41-2.05) | 2.57 (1.38-4.80) | ||
| CRC stage I | 330/107 | 1.61 (0.83-3.16) | 1.73 (1.01-2.95) | 2.14 (1.24-3.68) | 0.30 | — | — | — | — | — |
| CRC stage II | 456/191 | 1.35 (0.81-2.26) | 2.03 (1.37-3.01) | 1.92 (1.31-2.81) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRC stage III | 473/243 | 1.10 (0.73-1.66) | 1.79 (1.20-2.66) | 1.53 (1.06-2.19) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRC stage IV | 157/138 | 0.79 (0.40-1.54) | 1.83 (1.06-3.16) | 2.78 (1.70-4.54) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRC-specific survival | ||||||||||
| Male | 863/192 | 1.07 (0.63-1.80) | 2.36 (1.54-3.60) | 3.11 (2.12-4.57) | 0.01 | 680/167 | 1.15 (0.73-1.82) | 1.90 (1.26-2.89) | 3.21 (2.10-4.91) | 0.59 |
| Female | 553/139 | 1.34 (0.75-2.39) | 1.68 (0.98-2.86) | 3.06 (1.98-4.90) | 469/71 | 0.79 (0.37-1.71) | 0.64 (0.28-1.49) | 3.03 (1.48-6.22) | ||
| <60 years | 290/66 | 0.37 (0.11-1.27) | 1.76 (0.77-3.98) | 3.35 (1.75-6.42) | <0.01 | 356/73 | 1.27 (0.63-2.57) | 1.22 (0.58-2.53) | 2.82 (1.47-5.43) | 0.02 |
| 60-64 years | 246/57 | 0.83 (0.28-2.49) | 2.86 (1.33-6.18) | 3.34 (1.45-7.72) | 422/83 | 1.53 (0.77-3.04) | 2.23 (1.19-4.21) | 4.47 (2.53-7.91) | ||
| ≥65 years | 864/204 | 1.47 (0.94-2.31) | 1.49 (0.98-2.26) | 2.43 (1.69-3.50) | 370/82 | 0.54 (0.27-1.07) | 1.08 (0.58-2.01) | 1.25 (0.58-2.68) | ||
| Normal weight | 536/123 | 1.28 (0.63-2.60) | 1.84 (1.00-3.37) | 3.66 (2.22-6.01) | 0.48 | 292/65 | 1.21 (0.53-2.76) | 2.71 (1.24-5.91) | 5.72 (2.82-11.6) | 0.02 |
| Overweight | 608/130 | 1.23 (0.70-2.14) | 2.16 (1.35-3.45) | 2.17 (1.38-3.41) | 530/96 | 1.02 (0.56-1.86) | 1.43 (0.77-2.64) | 2.22 (1.20-4.11) | ||
| Obese | 272/69 | 0.78 (0.29-2.08) | 1.31 (0.60-2.85) | 2.12 (1.04-4.33) | 327/77 | 0.77 (0.39-1.55) | 1.16 (0.62-2.18) | 1.99 (1.06-3.74) | ||
| Vitamin D deficient | 728/199 | 0.96 (0.56-1.65) | 1.59 (1.03-2.47) | 2.66 (1.84-3.85) | 0.54 | 264/65 | 1.12 (0.54-2.31) | 1.46 (0.73-2.93) | 2.58 (1.24-5.36) | 0.81 |
| Vitamin D insufficient | 408/75 | 2.25 (1.00-5.06) | 2.59 (1.30-5.14) | 4.42 (2.34-8.34) | 494/110 | 1.09 (0.61-1.95) | 1.73 (1.04-2.86) | 2.81 (1.65-4.77) | ||
| Vitamin D sufficient | 280/58 | 0.98 (0.41-2.35) | 3.64 (1.70-7.78) | 3.98 (1.69-9.35) | 391/63 | 0.82 (0.36-1.87) | 0.68 (0.24-1.91) | 2.74 (1.36-5.49) | ||
| CRC stage I | 330/21 | 1.05 (0.11-9.88) | 3.87 (1.04-14.4) | 10.0 (3.05-33.4) | 0.90 | — | — | — | — | — |
| CRC stage II | 456/57 | 1.77 (0.72-4.34) | 2.10 (0.98-4.52) | 2.03 (0.99-4.17) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRC stage III | 473/124 | 1.41 (0.82-2.50) | 2.54 (1.49-4.35) | 2.44 (1.49-4.00) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CRC stage IV | 157/126 | 0.77 (0.38-1.53) | 1.48 (0.83-2.64) | 2.51 (1.51-4.15) | — | — | — | — | — | |
Cox regression analyses for both cohorts were adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical exercise, history of cardiovascular disease (heart failure, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, stroke), history of diabetes, history of hypertension, vitamin D status and season of blood draw. DACHS cohort analyses were additionally adjusted for TNM stage. Cox regression results are presented as HRs and 95% CIs. Values shown in bold are statistically significant (P value < 0.05).
CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; TNM, tumour–node–metastasis.