Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of disease-free survival in the UNITED cohort with Cox regression analysis
| Variable (unit) | Univariate analysis |
P value | Multivariate analysis |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disease-free survival |
Disease-free survival |
|||||
| Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | Hazard ratio | 95% confidence interval | |||
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1 | — | 0.753 | — | — | — |
| Male | 1.04 | 0.82-1.31 | — | — | — | — |
| Age at surgery—older category | ||||||
| <75 years | 1 | — | 0.036 | 1 | — | <0.001 |
| ≥75 years | 1.29 | 1.02-1.63 | — | 1.54 | 1.21-1.96 | — |
| Biopsy taken | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | — | <0.001 | 1 | — | <0.001 |
| Noa | 2.60 | 1.96-3.46 | — | 2.33 | 1.72-3.16 | — |
| Tumor-sidednessb | ||||||
| Left-sided tumor | 1 | — | 0.404 | — | — | — |
| Right-sided tumor | 0.91 | 0.72-1.14 | — | — | — | — |
| Lymph nodes | ||||||
| ≥12 examined | 1 | — | 0.009 | 1 | — | 0.067 |
| <12 examined | 1.54 | 1.11-2.14 | — | 1.38 | 0.98-1.95 | — |
| pT stagec | ||||||
| pT1-3 | 1 | — | <0.001 | 1 | — | <0.001 |
| pT4 | 2.25 | 1.76-2.89 | — | 1.59 | 1.22-2.07 | — |
| pN stagec | ||||||
| pN0 | 1 | — | <0.001 | 1 | — | <0.001 |
| pN1 | 1.88 | 1.43-2.48 | — | 1.71 | 1.28-2.30 | — |
| pN2 | 3.33 | 2.48-4.47 | — | 2.66 | 1.91-3.70 | — |
| Tumor morphology | ||||||
| Adenocarcinoma | 1 | — | 0.514 | — | — | — |
| Other, including mucinous and signet cell carcinoma | 1.13 | 0.79-1.62 | — | — | — | — |
| Differentiation grade | ||||||
| Well–moderate | 1 | — | 0.191 | — | — | — |
| Poor–undifferentiated | 1.25 | 0.90-1.75 | — | — | — | — |
| Pathology risk factors | ||||||
| No pathology risk factors presentd | 1 | — | <0.001 | 1 | — | 0.018 |
| Presence of ≥1 pathology risk factor | 2.17 | 1.71-2.76 | — | 1.38 | 1.06-1.81 | — |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy—received | ||||||
| No | 1 | — | 0.267 | — | — | — |
| Yes | 1.14 | 0.90-1.44 | — | — | — | — |
| Tumor–stroma ratio | ||||||
| Stroma-low | 1 | — | <0.001 | 1 | — | 0.001 |
| Stroma-high | 1.78 | 1.41-2.26 | — | 1.49 | 1.17-1.90 | — |
| Microsatellite stabilitye | ||||||
| Microsatellite instable (MSI) | 1 | — | 0.070 | — | — | — |
| Microsatellite stable (MSS) | 1.55 | 0.97-2.48 | — | — | — | — |
All variables are given as absolute numbers with associated percentages or medians with interquartile ranges. Bold indicates significance, when P < 0.05.
Reasons why biopsy was not taken are, e.g. in emergency setting (obstructive ileus).
A right-sided tumor is defined as a colon carcinoma in the coecum, colon ascendens, flexura hepatica, or colon transversum.
Different versions of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM classification were used. Here, all variables are converted to the UICC TNM version 5 (1997).
Pathology risk factors are stated in Table 2. Presence of a risk factor is defined as at least one of registered risk factors. Absence is the absence of registered risk factors, as not all risk factors are registered.
Dependent covariate, excluded in multivariate analysis also due to insignificance and minority of patients determined.