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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2024 Mar 8;118:408–422. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.015

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

Early life Western diet (WD) consumption yields long-lasting episodic memory impairments in the absence of impacts on perirhinal cortex-dependent novel object exploration or markers of anxiety. (A) Novel Location Recognition (NLR) behavioral scheme. (B) NLR exploration index following the WD access period but before the healthy diet intervention (N = 24 total, n = 12 CTL, n = 12 CAF; unpaired t-test [2-tailed] with Welch’s correction for unequal variances; P = 0.3258). (C) NLR exploration index following the healthy diet intervention (N = 24 total, n = 12 CTL, n = 12 CAF; unpaired t-test [2-tailed]; P < 0.0001). (D) Novel Object in Context (NOIC) behavioral scheme. (E) NOIC percent shift from baseline performance following the WD access period but before the healthy diet intervention (N = 24 total, n = 12 CTL, n = 12 CAF; unpaired t-test [2-tailed]; P < 0.0001). (F) NOIC percent shift from baseline performance following the healthy diet intervention (N = 24 total, n = 12 CTL, n = 12 CAF; unpaired t-test [2-tailed]; P = 0.002). (G) Novel Object Recognition (NOR) behavioral scheme. (H) NOR exploration index following the WD access period but before the healthy diet intervention (N = 24 total, n = 12 CTL, n = 12 CAF; unpaired t-test [2-tailed]; P = 0.3320). (I) NOR exploration index following the healthy diet intervention (N = 24 total, n = 12 CTL, n = 12 CAF; unpaired t-test [2-tailed]; P = 0.0634). (J) Zero Maze apparatus illustration. (K) Percent time spent in and entries into the open arm regions of the Zero Maze apparatus after the WD access period but before the healthy diet intervention (N = 23 total, n = 11 CTL due to one outlier, n = 12 CAF; unpaired t-test [2-tailed]; P = 0.4064 for percent time in open, P = 0.1175 for entries into open). (L) Percent time spent in and entries into the open arm regions of the Zero Maze apparatus following the healthy diet intervention (N = 23 total, n = 12 CTL, n = 11 CAF due to one outlier; unpaired t-test [2-tailed]; P = 0. 7719 for percent time in open, P = 0. 6752 for entries into open). CAF, cafeteria diet group; CTL, control group; WD, Western diet. Error bars represent ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001.