Table 1.

Summary table of expert recommendations for enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery (ERAS Cardiac Society)

Intervention		Class of Recommendation		Level of Evidence
Pre-Operative
Pre-Habilitation		IIa (Moderate)		B – Non-Randomized
Carbohydrate Loading Avoidance of Prolonged Fasting		IIb (Weak)		C – Limited Data
Correction of Nutritional Deficiency and Support		IIa (Moderate)		C – Limited Data
Pre-operative Smoking and Alcohol Cessation		I (Strong)		C – Limited Data
Patient Engagement and Access to Technology		IIa (Moderate)		C – Limited Data
Intra-Operative
Anti-Fibrinolytics		I (Strong)		A
Avoidance of Hyperthermia		III: Harm (Strong)		B – Non-Randomized
Infection Reduction Bundle		I (Strong)		B – Non-Randomized
Optimization of Sternal Closure		IIa (Moderate)		B – Non-Randomized
Post-Operative
Early Extubation		IIa (Moderate)		B – Non-Randomized
Multimodal Analgesia		I (Strong)		B – Non-Randomized
Delirium Screening		I (Strong)		B – Non-Randomized
Goal-Directed Therapy		I (Strong)		B – Randomized
Chemical Thromboprophylaxis		IIa (Moderate)		C – Limited Data
Perioperative Glycemic Control		I (Strong)		B – Randomized
Avoidance of Hypothermia		I (Strong)		B – Non-Randomized
Avoidance of Acute Kidney Injury and Biomarkers for Early Detection		IIa (Moderate)		B – Randomized
Chest Tube Drain Management		I (Strong)		B – Randomized