Table 3.
Univariate Cox Models of Time to EDSS 4 and 6 in LOMS
| Characteristic | EDSS 4 | EDSS 6 | ||||
| Overall (N = 802) | RRMS (N = 653) | PPMS (N = 130) | Overall (N = 910) | RRMS (N = 701) | PPMS (N = 190) | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Age at onset | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 1.03 (0.97–1.08) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) |
| Male | 1.18 (0.85–1.65) | 1.29 (0.87–1.91) | 0.74 (0.40–1.38) | 1.13 (0.79–1.62) | 1.04 (0.62–1.76) | 0.99 (0.59–1.64) |
| Initial course | ||||||
| RRMS | 1.0 (−) | — | — | 1.0 (−) | — | — |
| PPMS | 2.26 (1.59–3.20) | — | — | 4.20 (2.97–5.94) | — | — |
| Calendar year at MS onset | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) |
| DMT exposure | ||||||
| None | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) | 1.0 (−) |
| Modest | 0.96 (0.62–1.47) | 1.65 (0.83–3.25) | 1.63 (0.73–3.66) | 0.50 (0.33–0.76) | 1.53 (0.67–3.48) | 1.22 (0.55–2.73) |
| High | 1.14 (0.69–1.90) | 1.84 (0.83–4.04) | 0.87 (0.42–1.79) | 0.68 (0.41–1.14) | 1.58 (0.58–4.30) | 0.64 (0.34–1.21) |
| Both | 0.90 (0.56–1.44) | 1.61 (0.80–3.26) | 0.93 (0.23–3.95) | 0.43 (0.27–0.76) | 1.39 (0.59–3.30) | 0.61 (0.15–2.52) |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; DMT = disease-modifying therapy; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; PPMS = primary progressive multiple sclerosis; RRMS = relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Modest (efficacy) DMT: interferon beta-1a, interferon beta-1b, peginterferon, glatiramer acetate, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide.
High (efficacy) DMT: rituximab, ocrelizumab, natalizumab, alemtuzumab, fingolimod, cladribine, daclizumab, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.