Extended Data Table 1|.
Characteristics of the semaglutide and non-GLP1R agonists anti-obesity medications groups for patients with overweight or obesity who had a prior history of suicidal ideations
| Before Propensity-Score Matching | After Propensity-Score Matching | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Semaglutide | Non-GLP1R agonists anti-obesity medications | SMD | Semaglutide | Non-GLP1R agonists anti-obesity medications | SMD | |
| Total number | 893 | 6,954 | 865 | 865 | ||
| Age at index event (years, mean±standard deviation) | 44.7 ± 14.1 | 41.8 ± 15.5 | 0.20* | 44.3 ± 14.0 | 44.6 ± 15.7 | 0.02 |
| Sex (%) | ||||||
| Female | 71.7 | 67.0 | 0.10* | 71.7 | 72.5 | 0.02 |
| Male | 28.3 | 32.8 | 0.10* | 28.3 | 27.3 | 0.02 |
| Ethnicity (%) | ||||||
| Hispanic/Latinx | 6.9 | 8.3 | 0.05 | 6.7 | 6.8 | 0.005 |
| Not Hispanic/Latinx | 82.9 | 82.8 | 0.003 | 83.0 | 80.5 | 0.07 |
| Unknown | 10.2 | 9.0 | 0.04 | 10.3 | 12.7 | 0.08 |
| Race (%) | ||||||
| Asian | 1.6 | 0.8 | 0.07 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 0.01 |
| Black | 13.4 | 15.0 | 0.04 | 13.8 | 13.8 | <.001 |
| white | 74.4 | 72.7 | 0.04 | 74.3 | 74..1 | 0.005 |
| Unknown | 10.1 | 10.2 | 0.005 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 0.03 |
| Marital status (%) | ||||||
| Never Married | 19.6 | 24.3 | 0.11* | 19.7 | 16.9 | 0.07 |
| Divorced | 8.3 | 7.4 | 0.03 | 8.4 | 9.5 | 0.04 |
| Widowed | 2.9 | 1.8 | 0.07 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 0.007 |
| Adverse socioeconomic determinants of health (%) | 34.2 | 39.4 | 0.11* | 34.1 | 33.2 | 0.02 |
| Personal history of psychological trauma (%) | 8.5 | 8.9 | 0.02 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 0.004 |
| Family history of mental and behavioral disorders (%) | 15.3 | 17.7 | 0.06 | 15.4 | 14.3 | 0.03 |
| Problems related to lifestyle (%) | 30.1 | 32.0 | 0.04 | 29.9 | 29.7 | 0.005 |
| Pre-existing medical conditions (%) | ||||||
| Depression | 88.7 | 87.7 | 0.03 | 88.3 | 89.2 | 0.03 |
| Mood disorders including bipolar disorders | 96.0 | 96.3 | 0.02 | 95.8 | 96.3 | 0.02 |
| Anxiety | 89.7 | 90.1 | 0.01 | 89.6 | 90.6 | 0.04 |
| psychotic disorders | 21.7 | 24.8 | 0.07 | 21.8 | 22.2 | 0.008 |
| Behavioral disorders including sleep disorders | 30.8 | 25.2 | 0.13* | 30.6 | 29.7 | 0.02 |
| Disorders of adult personality and behavior | 27.9 | 27.7 | 0.005 | 27.7 | 27.3 | 0.01 |
| Sleeping disorders including insomnia | 71.3 | 61.6 | 0.21* | 70.5 | 72.4 | 0.04 |
| Suicide attempt | 6.2 | 7.4 | 0.05 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 0.06 |
| Intentional self-harm | 4.8 | 8.4 | 0.15* | 4.7 | 3.7 | 0.05 |
| Personal history of self-harm | 20.0 | 27.6 | 0.18* | 20.5 | 19.1 | 0.04 |
| Chronic pain | 53.2 | 46.6 | 0.13* | 52.4 | 54.5 | 0.04 |
| Alcohol use disorder | 20.5 | 32.8 | 0.26* | 20.8 | 21.5 | 0.02 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 38.9 | 46.7 | 0.16* | 39.0 | 37.0 | 0.04 |
| Opioid use disorder | 11.3 | 17.6 | 0.18* | 11.6 | 12.5 | 0.03 |
| Cannabis use disorder | 16.9 | 22.6 | 0.14* | 17.2 | 17.7 | 0.01 |
| Cocaine use disorder | 6.7 | 12.2 | 0.19* | 6.8 | 7.3 | 0.02 |
| Other stimulant disorders | 8.0 | 11.7 | 0.13* | 8.0 | 7.2 | 0.03 |
| Other psychoactive substance related disorders | 16.0 | 23.4 | 0.19* | 16.3 | 17.6 | 0.03 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 56.2 | 25.6 | 0.66* | 54.8 | 55.4 | 0.01 |
| Cancer | 42.2 | 32.7 | 0.20* | 41.3 | 43.6 | 0.05 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 11.0 | 10.4 | 0.02 | 10.8 | 10.6 | 0.004 |
| Prior medication prescription or procedures (%) | ||||||
| Bariatric surgery | 7.7 | 6.5 | 0.05 | 7.9 | 7.1 | 0.03 |
| Antidepressants | 91.7 | 91.0 | 0.03 | 91.4 | 92.0 | 0.02 |
| Antipsychotics | 72.2 | 75.0 | 0.06 | 72.8 | 75.5 | 0.06 |
| Antiepileptics | 77.9 | 73.0 | 0.11* | 77.6 | 78.3 | 0.02 |
| Bezodiazepine derivative sedatives/hypnotics | 83.3 | 79.0 | 0.11* | 83.0 | 83.9 | 0.03 |
| Esketamine | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.04 | 1.2 | 1.2 | <.001 |
| Ketamine | 13.8 | 12.1 | 0.05 | 13.3 | 14.3 | 0.03 |
| Lithium | 2.4 | 3.0 | 0.04 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 0.02 |
| Bupropion | 41.7 | 45.1 | 0.07 | 42.4 | 45.4 | 0.07 |
| Naltrexone | 8.8 | 10.5 | 0.06 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 0.03 |
| Phentermine | 10.4 | 6.1 | 0.16* | 10.4 | 10.8 | 0.01 |
| Orlistat | 1.9 | 0.7 | 0.11* | 1.6 | 1.7 | 0.009 |
| Topiramate | 26.2 | 27.6 | 0.03 | 26.7 | 25.7 | 0.02 |
| Insulins | 36.4 | 17.8 | 0.43* | 34.6 | 34.8 | 0.005 |
| Metformin | 54.4 | 20.1 | 0.76* | 53.1 | 50.8 | 0.05 |
| Alpha glucosidase inhibitors | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.11* | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.07 |
| Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors | 10.5 | 2.2 | 0.35* | 9.0 | 9.2 | 0.008 |
| Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors | 9.9 | 1.8 | 0.35* | 8.7 | 8.6 | 0.004 |
| Sulfonylureas | 16.6 | 4.3 | 0.41* | 15.3 | 16.2 | 0.03 |
| Thiazolidinediones | 2.7 | 1.0 | 0.13* | 2.7 | 2.2 | 0.03 |
SMD – standardized mean differences.
*
SMD greater than 0.1, indicating cohort imbalance.