Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of Workers Who Met the Case Definition (n = 30) in Histoplasmosis Outbreak in the Dominican Republic, 2015
| Characteristic | No. (%) | Missing, No. |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Level of medical care | ||
| Inpatient hospitalization | 28 (93) | |
| Intensive care unit | 9 (30) | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 6 (20) | |
| Deaths | 3 (10) | |
| Symptoms | ||
| Fever | 25 (83) | |
| Cough | 23 (77) | |
| Headache | 21 (70) | |
| Generalized malaise | 15 (50) | |
| Difficulty breathing | 11 (37) | |
| Myalgias | 11 (37) | |
| Diarrhea | 8 (27) | |
| Diagnostics | ||
| CXR | 20 (67) | |
| Bilateral infiltrates, No. (%) of workers who had a CXR | 17 (85) | |
| Interstitial consolidation, No. (%) of workers who had a CXR | 14 (70) | |
| CT chest scan | 12 (40) | |
| Bilateral infiltrates, No. (%) of workers who had a CT chest scan | 11 (100) | 1 |
| Interstitial consolidation, No. (%) of workers who had a CT chest scan | 11 (100) | 1 |
| Bronchoscopy | 9 (30) | |
| BAL, No. (%) of workers who had a bronchoscopy | 7 (100) | 2 |
| Evidence of histoplasmosis on pathology, No. (%) of workers who had a BAL | 2 (67) | 4 |
| Bacterial culture consistent with ventilator–associated pneumonia, No. (%) of workers who had a BAL | 6 (86) | |
| Laboratory | ||
| Leukocytosis (WBC >12 × 109/L) | 19 (68) | 2 |
| AST or ALT >120 U/L | 10 (36) | 2 |
| HIV (type unknown) | 0 (0) | 15 |
| Leptospirosis (type unknown) | 0 (0) | 7 |
| Treatment | ||
| Any antifungal | 28 (93) | |
| Voriconazole, No. (%) of workers who had any antifungal | 22 (79) | |
| Itraconazole, No. (%) of workers who had any antifungal | 14 (50) | |
| Fluconazole, No. (%) of workers who had any antifungal | 9 (33) | 1 |
| Amphotericin B, No. (%) of workers who had any antifungal | 8 (29) | |
| Days from symptom onset to first antifungal treatment, No. (%) of workers who had any antifungala | 4 | |
| 0–4 | 7 (29) | |
| 5–6 | 6 (25) | |
| 7–8 | 6 (25) | |
| 9–11 | 5 (21) | |
| Any corticosteroid | 26 (87) | |
| Corticosteroids prior to antifungal treatment, No. (%) of workers who had any antifungal and any corticosteroid | 1 | |
| No | 12 (48) | |
| Corticosteroids received on same day as antifungals | 9 (36) | |
| Yes | 4 (16) | |
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CT, computed tomography; CXR, chest radiograph; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; WBC, white blood cell count.
a
Category boundaries set at the quartiles among all workers who met the case definition and who had any antifungal.