Figure 2.

Activation marker expression on the innate immune cells and the T cell compartment after SGE treatment and DENV infection. Cells were exposed to SGE + DENV for 48 h. (a) Increased proportion of infected macrophages (CD45⁺ CD11b⁺CD14⁺) after being treated with SGE from Ae. aegypti USDA strain. No significant changes in (b) neutrophils (CD45⁺ CD15⁺CD16⁺) expressing CD69, (c and d) CD25 and HLA-DR expression on CD4⁺ T cells, and (e and f) PD-1 and HLA-DR expression on CD8⁺ T cells. Statistical analysis were performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank test two tailed comparing the unstimulated condition to each of the different stimulated conditions. Gray: unstimulated condition, Red: SGE from Ae. aegypti USDA strain, Yellow: SGE from Ae. aegypti WT strain, Green: SGE from Ae. albopictus WT strain. N = 8 individuals. *P < 0.05.