Table 2.

Associations between individual and combined exposure to air pollution and risk of all-cause mortality among CRC survivors in UK Biobank.

Pollution	Cases	Model 1		Model 2
		HR (95% CI)	P value	HR (95% CI)	P value
PM2.5(μg/m3)
Q1	104	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Q2	140	1.40 (1.08, 1.80)	0.010	1.34 (1.04, 1.73)	0.024
Q3	136	1.42 (1.10, 1.84)	0.007	1.35 (1.04, 1.76)	0.023
Q4	153	1.56 (1.21, 2.00)	0.001	1.43 (1.10, 1.87)	0.008
P for trend			0.001		0.011
Per 5-μg/m3∗day		1.77 (1.23, 2.55)	0.002	1.54 (1.04, 2.29)	0.031
PM10(μg/m3)
Q1	124	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Q2	129	1.05 (0.82, 1.34)	0.712	1.02 (0.79, 1.3)	0.903
Q3	134	1.10 (0.86, 1.41)	0.427	1.04 (0.81, 1.33)	0.758
Q4	146	1.27 (1.00, 1.61)	0.051	1.19 (0.93, 1.53)	0.172
P for trend			0.042		0.156
Per 5-μg/m3∗day		1.34 (1.08, 1.67)	0.008	1.28 (1.02, 1.62)	0.037
NO2(μg/m3)
Q1	99	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Q2	139	1.50 (1.16, 1.94)	0.002	1.45 (1.12, 1.88)	0.005
Q3	149	1.61 (1.25, 2.08)	0.000	1.54 (1.19, 2.00)	0.001
Q4	146	1.62 (1.25, 2.09)	0.000	1.52 (1.16, 2.00)	0.003
P for trend			0.000		0.005
Per 5 μg/m3∗day		1.07 (1.03, 1.12)	0.002	1.06 (1.01, 1.12)	0.016
NOx(μg/m3)
Q1	106	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Q2	131	1.28 (0.99, 1.66)	0.056	1.25 (0.97, 1.62)	0.089
Q3	142	1.42 (1.11, 1.83)	0.006	1.35 (1.04, 1.75)	0.023
Q4	154	1.53 (1.19, 1.96)	0.001	1.43 (1.10, 1.86)	0.008
P for trend			0.001		0.008
Per 5-μg/m3∗day		1.04 (1.01, 1.07)	0.003	1.03 (1.00, 1.06)	0.027
Combined air pollution exposure score (per SD increment)	533	1.14 (1.06, 1.24)	0.001	1.13 (1.03, 1.23)	0.011

Model 1 adjusted for age at recruitment and sex.

Model 2 adjusted for age at recruitment, sex, education, TDI, ethnicity, family history of CRC, BMI, alcohol intake, physical activity and smoking.