Table 2. Association Between Prospectively Reported ACEs as a Categorical Variable and Sleep Qualitya.
| Characteristic | Unadjusted model | Adjusted modelb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) [95% CI] | P value | β (SE) [95% CI] | P value | |
| No ACEs | 0 [Reference] | NA | 0 [Reference] | NA |
| 1 ACE | 0.17 (0.28) [−0.37 to 0.71] | .55 | 0.07 (0.28) [−0.47 to 0.61] | .80 |
| 2-3 ACEs | 0.15 (0.29) [−0.42 to 0.72] | .61 | 0.04 (0.29) [−0.53 to 0.61] | .89 |
| ≥4 ACEs | 0.36 (0.52) [−0.66 to 1.37] | .49 | 0.37 (0.51) [−0.64 to 1.38] | .47 |
| From Puerto Rico | NA | NA | −0.96 (0.23) [−1.42 to −0.50] | <.001c |
| Female | NA | NA | 0.44 (0.22) [−0.003 to 0.87] | .05 |
| Age, y | NA | NA | 0.01 (0.05) [−0.09 to 0.11] | .84 |
| Highest education grade completed (3rd grade to graduate school) | NA | NA | 0.02 (0.06) [−0.10 to 0.14] | .73 |
| Public assistance | NA | NA | 0.05 (0.26) [−0.47 to 0.57] | .85 |
Abbreviations: ACEs, adverse childhood experiences; NA, not applicable.
a
Quality of evidence = 3, retrospective cohort study.
b
Model controlled for site, sex, age, educational level, and receiving public assistance.
c
Significant at P < .05.