TABLE 3.
Results of the chronic dietary exposure assessment.
| Pesticide | Chronic exposure (in % of ADI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Lower‐bound | Middle‐bound | Upper‐bound | |
| 2,4‐D (RD) | 0.26 | 0.72 | 1.2 |
| 2‐Phenylphenol (RD) | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.32 |
| Abamectin (RD) | 0.06 | 6.1 | 12.1 |
| Acephate (RD)* | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| Acetamiprid (RD) | 0.87 | 1.3 | 1.8 |
| Acrinathrin (RD) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Aldicarb (RD)* | 0.00002 | 0.00002 | 0.00002 |
| Ametoctradin (RD) | 0.0007 | 0.0009 | 0.001 |
| Azoxystrobin (RD) | 0.29 | 0.38 | 0.47 |
| Bifenthrin (RD) | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Biphenyl (RD)* | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Boscalid (RD) | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2 |
| Bromopropylate (RD)* | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bupirimate (RD) | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.33 |
| Buprofezin (RD) | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.7 |
| Captan (RD) | 1 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Carbaryl (RD) | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| Carbendazim (RD) | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Carbofuran (RD) | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.9 |
| Chlorantraniliprole (RD) | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Chlorfenapyr (RD)* | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Chlormequat‐chloride (RD) | 12.8 | 12.9 | 13 |
| Chlorothalonil (RD) | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Chlorpropham (RD) | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| Chlorpyrifos (RD)* | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Chlorpyrifos‐methyl (RD)* | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Clofentezine (RD) | 0.01 | 0.62 | 1.2 |
| Clothianidin (RD) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Cyantraniliprole (RD) | 0.1 | 1.1 | 2.2 |
| Cyazofamid (RD) | 0.009 | 0.025 | 0.04 |
| Cyflufenamid (RD) | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.38 |
| Cyfluthrin (RD) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Cymoxanil (RD) | 0.008 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
| Cypermethrin (RD) | 1.3 | 6.4 | 11.5 |
| Cyproconazole (RD) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Cyprodinil (RD) | 0.84 | 1.2 | 1.5 |
| Cyromazine (RD) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| DDT (RD)* | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Deltamethrin (RD) | 0.92 | 3.2 | 5.4 |
| Diazinon (RD) | 0.64 | 0.64 | 0.64 |
| Dichlorvos (RD)* | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Dicloran (RD) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Dicofol (RD)* | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Dieldrin (RD)* | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 |
| Diethofencarb (RD) | 0.00001 | 0.00001 | 0.00001 |
| Difenoconazole (RD) | 0.85 | 2.9 | 4.9 |
| Diflubenzuron (RD) | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Dimethoate (RD)* | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
| Dimethomorph (RD) | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.45 |
| Diniconazole (RD)* | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
| Diphenylamine (RD) | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
| Dithianon (RD) | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.7 |
| Dithiocarbamates (RD)–mancozeb sc. | 5.8 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| Dithiocarbamates (RD)–maneb sc. | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Dithiocarbamates (RD)–metiram sc. | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Dithiocarbamates (RD)–propineb sc. | 5.7 | 5.7 | 5.7 |
| Dithiocarbamates (RD)–thiram sc. | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 |
| Dithiocarbamates (RD)–ziram sc. | 24.7 | 57.3 | 89.8 |
| Dodine (RD) | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.24 |
| Emamectin (RD) | 0.16 | 5.7 | 11.3 |
| Endosulfan (RD)* | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 |
| Epoxiconazole (RD) | 0.99 | 0.99 | 0.99 |
| Ethephon (RD) | 4.6 | 5.9 | 7.1 |
| Ethion (RD)* | 0.005 | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Ethirimol (RD) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Etofenprox (RD) | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1 |
| Etoxazole (RD) | 0.004 | 0.13 | 0.26 |
| Famoxadone (RD) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Fenamidone (RD)* | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 |
| Fenamiphos (RD) | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Fenazaquin (RD) | 0.006 | 0.44 | 0.88 |
| Fenbuconazole (RD) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Fenbutatin Oxide (RD) | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Fenhexamid (RD) | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.2 |
| Fenitrothion (RD) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Fenoxycarb (RD) | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Fenpropathrin (RD)* | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Fenpropidin (RD) | 0.06 | 0.53 | 1 |
| Fenpropimorph (RD) | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.37 |
| Fenpyrazamine (RD) | 0.009 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
| Fenpyroximate (RD) | 0.09 | 1.1 | 2.1 |
| Fenvalerate (RD) | 0.005 | 0.3 | 0.58 |
| Fipronil (RD) | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
| Flonicamid (RD) | 0.38 | 1.3 | 2.3 |
| Fluazifop (RD) | 0.47 | 0.94 | 1.6 |
| Flubendiamide (RD) | 0.01 | 0.58 | 1.2 |
| Fludioxonil (RD) | 0.34 | 0.38 | 0.41 |
| Flufenoxuron (RD) | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Fluopicolide (RD) | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
| Fluopyram (RD) | 1.4 | 2.8 | 4.1 |
| Flusilazole (RD) | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Flutriafol (RD) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Fluxapyroxad (RD) | 0.35 | 1 | 1.7 |
| Folpet (RD) | 0.61 | 0.7 | 0.78 |
| Formetanate (Hydrochloride) (RD) | 0.02 | 0.92 | 1.8 |
| Fosetyl (RD) | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.5 |
| Fosthiazate (RD) | 0.02 | 0.72 | 1.4 |
| Glufosinate Equivalents (RD) | 0.23 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Glyphosate (RD) | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Haloxyfop (RD) | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Heptachlor (RD)* | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.04 |
| Hexachlorobenzene (RD)* | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Hexachlorocyclohexane, beta‐ (RD)* | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
| Hexaconazole (RD)* | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.03 |
| Hexythiazox (RD) | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.68 |
| Imazalil (RD) | 16.9 | 17.4 | 17.9 |
| Imidacloprid (RD) | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Indoxacarb (RD) | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Iprodione (RD) | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Iprovalicarb (RD) | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.38 |
| Kresoxim‐Methyl (RD) | 0.0005 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
| Lambda‐cyhalothrin (RD) | 2.1 | 10 | 17.8 |
| Lambda‐cyhalothrin (RD)–gamma sc. | 4.4 | 20.8 | 37.1 |
| Linuron (RD) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Lufenuron (RD) | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Malathion (RD) | 0.06 | 0.3 | 0.58 |
| Mandipropamid (RD) | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
| Mepanipyrim (RD) | 0.03 | 0.17 | 0.34 |
| Mepiquat Chloride (RD) | 0.18 | 0.23 | 0.29 |
| Metaflumizone (RD) | 0.05 | 0.3 | 0.55 |
| Metalaxyl and metalaxyl‐M (RD) | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.29 |
| Methamidophos (RD) | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Methidathion (RD)* | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Methiocarb (RD) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Methomyl (RD) | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Methoxyfenozide (RD) | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.25 |
| Metrafenone (RD) | 0.008 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Monocrotophos (RD)* | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Myclobutanil (RD) | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 |
| Oxadixyl (RD)* | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 |
| Oxamyl (RD) | 0.35 | 11.6 | 22.9 |
| Paclobutrazol (RD) | 0.0001 | 0.09 | 0.19 |
| Parathion‐methyl (RD)* | 0.0003 | 0.0003 | 0.0003 |
| Penconazole (RD) | 0.03 | 0.35 | 0.67 |
| Pencycuron (RD) | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Pendimethalin (RD) | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Permethrin (RD)* | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Phosmet (RD) | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.6 |
| Pirimicarb (RD) | 0.09 | 0.33 | 0.57 |
| Pirimiphos‐Methyl (RD) | 6.2 | 8.5 | 11.8 |
| Prochloraz (RD) | 0.43 | 0.43 | 0.43 |
| Procymidone (RD)* | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| Profenofos (RD)* | 0.007 | 0.007 | 0.007 |
| Propamocarb (RD) | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.2 |
| Propargite (RD) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Propiconazole (RD) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
| Propyzamide (RD) | 0.0015 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
| Proquinazid (RD) | 0.17 | 0.79 | 1.4 |
| Prosulfocarb (RD) | 0.04 | 1.6 | 3.1 |
| Prothioconazole (RD) | 0.008 | 0.16 | 0.32 |
| Pymetrozine (RD) | 0.0002 | 0.0002 | 0.0002 |
| Pyraclostrobin (RD) | 0.46 | 0.84 | 1.2 |
| Pyridaben (RD) | 0.07 | 0.55 | 1.1 |
| Pyridalyl (RD) | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.15 |
| Pyrimethanil (RD) | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.7 |
| Pyriproxyfen (RD) | 0.3 | 0.53 | 0.77 |
| Quinoxyfen (RD) | 0.00009 | 0.00009 | 0.00009 |
| Spinosad (RD) | 0.18 | 0.82 | 1.5 |
| Spirodiclofen (RD) | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| Spiromesifen (RD) | 0.03 | 0.13 | 0.22 |
| Spirotetramat (RD) | 0.19 | 0.67 | 1.1 |
| Spiroxamine (RD) | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
| Sulfoxaflor (RD) | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.56 |
| Tau‐Fluvalinate (RD) | 0.27 | 2.5 | 4.8 |
| Tebuconazole (RD) | 0.41 | 1.1 | 1.8 |
| Tebufenozide (RD) | 0.05 | 0.56 | 1.1 |
| Tebufenpyrad (RD) | 0.04 | 1 | 2 |
| Teflubenzuron (RD) | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Tefluthrin (RD) | 0.002 | 0.54 | 1.1 |
| Terbuthylazine (RD) | 0.004 | 1.1 | 2.2 |
| Tetraconazole (RD) | 0.12 | 2.4 | 4.7 |
| Tetradifon (RD)* | 0.00009 | 0.00009 | 0.00009 |
| Thiabendazole (RD) | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 |
| Thiacloprid (RD) | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Thiamethoxam (RD) | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| Thiodicarb (RD) | 0.0004 | 0.0004 | 0.0004 |
| Thiophanate‐methyl (RD) | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.27 |
| Tolclofos‐Methyl (RD) | 0.00003 | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Triadimefon (RD)* | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Triadimenol (RD) | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Triazophos (RD)* | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Trifloxystrobin (RD) | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.37 |
| Triflumuron (RD) | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| Vinclozolin (RD) | 0.00001 | 0.00001 | 0.00001 |
| Azinphos‐methyl (RD)* | n.r. | ||
| Bitertanol (RD) | n.r. | ||
| Chlordane (RD)* | n.r. | ||
| Fenarimol (RD) | n.r. | ||
| Fenthion (RD)* | n.r. | ||
| Fluquinconazole (RD)* | n.r. | ||
| alpha‐ Hexachlorocyclohexane (RD)* | n.r. | ||
| Lindane (RD)* | n.r. | ||
| Methoxychlor (RD) | n.r. | ||
| Oxydemeton‐Methyl (RD) | n.r. | ||
| Parathion (RD) | n.r. | ||
| Spinoteram (RD) | n.r. | ||
| Bromide ion (RD)** | No ADI | ||
| Isocarbophos (RD)** | No ADI | ||
| Omethoate (RD)** | No ADI | ||
Abbreviations: n.r., No quantified residues in any of the samples analysed; sc., scenario.
*
Tentative risk assessment.
**
Active substance for which no ADI was established.