Table 3.
Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of survey setting and other covariates associated with current use of any tobacco product, e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and cigars: National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2021
| Characteristic | Any tobacco usea | E-cigarette useb | Cigarette usec | Cigar used | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Survey setting | ||||||||
| On school campus | 1.78 (1.47–2.16) | 1.57 (1.28–1.91) | 1.85 (1.49–2.29) | 1.43 (1.20–1.71) | 1.93 (1.34–2.79) | 1.02 (0.63–1.65) | 1.54 (1.09–2.17) | 0.88 (0.59–1.32) |
| At home/other place | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| School level | ||||||||
| Middle school | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| High school | 3.73 (2.92–4.75) | 2.83 (2.23–3.59) | 4.46 (3.43–5.80) | 3.17 (2.46–4.09) | 1.83 (1.28–2.61) | 0.70 (0.44–1.13) | 3.63 (2.43–5.41) | 1.88 (1.15–3.09) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Male | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.86 (0.69–1.07) | 1.03 (0.78–1.36) | 1.58 (1.06–2.33) | 1.65 (1.26–2.15) | 2.05 (1.36–3.09) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.72 (0.53–0.98) | 0.74 (0.54–1.03) | 0.42 (0.28–0.64) | 0.27 (0.18–0.42) | 0.58 (0.36–0.93) | 0.59 (0.29–1.16) | 2.26 (1.61–3.18) | 4.32 (2.72–6.85) |
| Hispanic | 0.65 (0.53–0.79) | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) | 0.60 (0.48–0.75) | 0.71 (0.53–0.97) | 0.84 (0.61–1.16) | 0.86 (0.56–1.31) | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 0.79 (0.49–1.28) |
| Non-Hispanic other races | 0.46 (0.30–0.72) | 0.73 (0.46–1.16) | 0.42 (0.25–0.70) | 0.64 (0.39–1.07) | 0.64 (0.32–1.29) | 1.31 (0.61–2.81) | 0.40 (0.17–0.92) | 0.65 (0.21–1.98) |
| Sexual and gender identity | ||||||||
| Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender | 2.03 (1.65–2.49) | 1.43 (1.16–1.77) | 1.96 (1.60–2.41) | ** | 3.59 (2.51–5.14) | 2.56 (1.62–4.04) | 2.05 (1.48–2.84) | ** |
| Not lesbian, gay, bisexual, nor transgender | Reference | Reference | Reference | ** | Reference | Reference | Reference | ** |
| Unknown | 0.81 (0.65–1.01) | 0.98 (0.74–1.30) | 0.73 (0.65-0.95) | ** | 0.85 (0.50–1.43) | 0.81 (0.38–1.75) | 0.97 (0.53–1.79) | ** |
| Psychological distress | ||||||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ** |
| Mild/moderate | 1.97 (1.66–2.33) | 1.59 (1.32–1.91) | 2.23 (1.84–2.70) | 1.83 (1.45–2.30) | 1.89 (1.30–2.76) | 1.15 (0.77–1.73) | 1.41 (0.99–2.02) | ** |
| Severe | 2.86 (2.28–3.58) | 1.90 (1.51–2.40) | 3.05 (2.43–3.83) | 1.92 (1.54–2.39) | 3.24 (2.11–4.98) | 1.37 (0.82–2.29) | 2.15 (1.31–3.53) | ** |
| Family affluence | ||||||||
| Low | Reference | ** | Reference | ** | Reference | Reference | Reference | ** |
| Medium | 0.82 (0.69–0.97) | ** | 0.87 (0.71–1.07) | ** | 0.53 (0.34–0.84) | 0.61 (0.37–1.01) | 0.64 (0.38–1.09) | ** |
| High | 0.95 (0.78–1.16) | ** | 0.95 (0.75–1.20) | ** | 0.64 (0.40–1.02) | 0.68 (0.38–1.21) | 0.88 (0.55–1.39) | ** |
| Grades in school | ||||||||
| Mostly A’s or B’s | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Mostly C’s or lower | 2.21 (1.92–2.56) | 1.90 (1.62–2.23) | 2.08 (1.76–2.46) | 1.65 (1.29–2.11) | 3.33 (2.33–4.74) | 1.58 (1.02–2.46) | 2.40 (1.64–3.51) | 1.22 (0.78–1.93) |
| None of these grades/not sure | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 1.35 (1.03-1.79) | 0.86 (0.67–1.11) | 1.21 (0.87–1.69) | 1.68 (1.04–2.70) | 1.26 (0.73–2.16) | 1.47 (0.88–2.45) | 1.32 (0.74–2.36) |
| Language other than English spoken at home | ||||||||
| Yes | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ** | Reference | Reference |
| No | 1.50 (1.25–1.79) | 1.25 (1.00–1.55) | 1.67 (1.37–2.05) | 1.37 (1.06–1.76) | 1.15 (0.82–1.61) | ** | 1.31 (0.93–1.84) | 0.69 (0.43–1.11) |
| Perceived peer e-cigarette use | ||||||||
| Less than 50% | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | - | - | - | - |
| 50% or more | 4.43 (3.71–5.28) | 2.89 (2.34–3.57) | 5.70 (4.68–6.95) | 3.40 (2.77–4.19) | - | - | - | - |
| Perceived peer cigarette use | ||||||||
| Less than 50% | Reference | Reference | - | - | Reference | Reference | - | - |
| 50% or more | 2.09 (1.75–2.50) | 1.14 (0.96–1.35) | - | - | 3.13 (2.28–4.28) | 1.79 (1.23–2.60) | - | - |
| Current use of other tobacco products | ||||||||
| Yes | - | - | 24.99 (19.64–31.80) | 22.87 (16.69–31.35) | 59.49 (38.84–91.12) | 40.44 (21.75–75.19) | 32.29 (22.14–47.08) | 36.13 (21.26–61.40) |
| No | - | - | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; – = not applicable;
= not included in the final model. Significant ORs (p < .05) are indicated in bold type.
Adjusted for school level, sex, and race/ethnicity as well as other variables selected through the purposeful covariate selection process.
The multivariable analysis included a total of 15,796 students without missing data on any variable considered to specify the final model; included were 1,263 current users of any tobacco product. The final model adjusted the following covariates based on the purposeful selection process: school level, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual or gender identity, psychological distress, grades in school, language other than English spoken at home, perceived peer e-cigarette use, and perceived peer cigarette use.
The multivariable analysis included a total of 15,777 students without missing data on any variable considered to specify the final model; included were 1,005 current users of e-cigarettes. The final model adjusted the following covariates based on the purposeful selection process: school level, sex, race/ethnicity, psychological distress, grades in school, language other than English spoken at home, perceived peer e-cigarette use, and current use of tobacco products other than e-cigarettes.
The multivariable analysis included a total of 15,815 students without missing data on any variable considered to specify the final model; included were 215 current users of cigarettes. The final model adjusted the following covariates based on the purposeful selection process: school level, sex, race/ethnicity, sexual or gender identity, psychological distress, family affluence, grades in school, perceived cigarette use, and current use of tobacco products other than cigarettes.
The multivariable analysis included a total of 15,912 students without missing data on any variable considered to specify the final model; included were 209 current users of cigars. The final model adjusted the following covariates based on the purposeful selection process: school level, sex, race/ethnicity, grades in school, and current use of tobacco products other than cigars