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. 2024 Mar 24;16(3):e56845. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56845

Table 2. Comparison of diabetes complications and mortality by prescription status.

Unknown cause of death refers to those who died outside of the hospital, and other cause of death refers to causes other than those stated.

DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; GLP-1RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; SGLT2I, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors

           SGLT2I and/or GLP-1RA P-value
Non-users, n (%) Users, n (%)
2,076 (75.6) 670 (24.4)
Diabetes-related complications
DKA without coma 65 (3.1) 9 (1.3) 0.76
Chronic kidney disease 144 (6.9) 46 (6.9) 1
Other kidney complication 44 (2.1) 26 (3.9) 0.66
Retinopathy 13 (0.6) 3 (0.5) 0.98
Neuropathy 75 (3.6) 20 (3) 0.9
Peripheral artery disease without gangrene 22 (1.1) 15 (2.2) 0.79
Foot ulcer 39 (1.9) 8 (1.2) 0.89
No complications 1,674 (80.6) 543 (81) 0.84
Mortality
Dead 114 (5.5) 18 (2.7) 0.61
Alive 1,962 (94.5) 652 (97.3) 0.004
Cause of death
COVID-19 35 (30.7) 5 (27.8) 0.89
Sepsis 20 (17.5) 1 (5.6) 0.76
Stroke 15 (13.2) 3 (16.7) 0.87
Cardiovascular 10 (8.8) 3 (16.7) 0.7
Cancer 9 (7.9) 3 (16.7) 0.66
Other 14 (12.3) 0 -
Unknown 11 (9.6) 3 (16.7) 0.72