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. 2024 Apr 23;7:489. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06121-9

Fig. 3. Main mechanisms of Antisense oligonucleotide (ASO).

Fig. 3

(1) In RNase H-mediated RNA cleavage, heteroduplex formation between an ASO and an mRNA or pre-mRNA activates RNase-H, leading to mRNA/pre-mRNA degradation. (2) Steric hindrance based ASOs binding to mRNAs can disrupt the interaction of mRNAs with the 40S ribosomal subunit or interfere with their assembly on the 40S or 60S ribosomal subunits, resulting in translational arrest. (3) Splice-switching oligonucleotides or SSOs can modify gene expression by modulating pre-mRNA alternative splicing, resulting in exon inclusion or exon skipping. Created with BioRender.com (Agreement number : CO26ML0CXF).