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. 2024 Apr 10;11:1325128. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1325128

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Copyright © 2024 Dogan, Watkins, Ingram, Moore, Rucker, Gower, Eason, Bhalla, Talwar, Nezakatgoo, Eymard, Helmick, Vanatta, Bajwa, Kuscu and Kuscu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Development and validation of allele-specific qPCR primers for APOL1 variant detection. Top panel: Illustration of standard “unmodified” or custom-designed “modified” primer sequences for the SNP-1 (A), SNP-2 (B) and deletion (C) loci. Altered or deleted base pairs are demarcated by dotted lines. Bottom panel: Quantitative analysis of qPCR data illustrates homozygous or heterozygous variants. 2–0: homozygous WT, 1–1: heterozygous, 0–2: homozygous SNP/deletion (N: number of bases remaining in the primer sequence). This figure has been partially generated with Biorender program.