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Acoustic characterization of transducer. a Schematic of the test setup. b Output waveforms of 8‐channel system under 50 to 100 dB SPL excitation in the hearing band. c 8‐channel output characteristic of the transducer under 70 dB SPL excitation. d Vibration characteristic of the artificial membrane and its comparison with the measured vibration amplitudes of the umbo under 80 dB excitation in the literature.
