Table 3.
the characteristics of included and selected studies
| Authors (Years) (Re) | Country | Study Population (Age), (BMI) | Type of Studies | Type of tendinopathy | Type shockwave (N) | Pulse and Frequency (N sessions) | Comparison group (N) | Assessment outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. W. Lai, et al. (2018) [64] | China | Patient with PF (54), (NR) | RCT | PF | ESWT (47) |
1500 Pulse 1–6 Hz (2) |
CSI (50) | 4 and 12 weeks |
| B. Vahdatpour, et al. (2018) [65] | Iran | Patient with CAT (54), (NR) | RCT | Achill tendinopathy | FoSW RaSW (22) |
1500–3000 Pulse 2.3 Hz (4) |
Sham ESWT (21) | 4 and 16 weeks |
| J. D. Rompe, et al. (2008) [66] | Germany | Insertional CAT (40), (NR) | RCT | Achill tendinopathy | RaSW (25) |
2000–4000 Pulse 8 HZ (3) |
Eccentric Loading (25) | 16 weeks |
| J. D. Rompe, et al. (2009) [67] | Germany | Midportion CAT (50), (NR) | RCT | Achill tendinopathy | RaSW (34) |
2000 Pulse 8 HZ (3) |
Eccentric Loading (34) | 16 weeks |
| J. D. Rompe, et al. (2007) [68] | Germany | Main Body Achill tendinopathy (50), (NR) | RCT | Achill tendinopathy | RaSW (25) |
2000 Pulse 8 Hz (3) |
Eccentric Training (25) Wait and See (25) |
16 weeks |
| Y. Bahar-Ozdemir, et al. (2021) [69] | Turkey | Patient with PF (52), (31) | RCT | PF | FoSW (15) |
3000 Pulse 11-Hz (5) |
ESWT plus KT (15) ESWT plus Sham KT (14) |
4 weeks |
| S. Hocaoglu et al(2017) [70] | Turkey | Patient with PF (49), (28.5) | RCT | PF | RaSW (36) |
2000 Pulse 10-Hz (3) |
Radial ESWT (36) Corticosteroid (36) |
4, 12, and 24 weeks |
| M. Bicer, et al. (2018) [71] | Turkey | Patient with PF (45), (29.6) | RCT | PF | ESWT (30) |
2500 Pulse 12–15 Hz (3) |
KT (33) | 1 weeks |
| B. Ordahan, et al. (2017) [72] | Turkey | Patient with PF (47), (32) | RCT | PF | ESWT (37) |
2500 Pulse 12–15 Hz (5) |
NR | 5 weeks |
| M. Asheghan, et al. (2021) [73] | Iran | Patient with PF (45), (26) | RCT | Chronic - PF | RaSW (29) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (3) |
Prolotherapy (30) | 6 and 12 weeks |
| M. Rahbar, et al. (2018) [74] | Iran | Patient with PF (44), (26) | RCT | PF | ESWT (36) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (3) |
Dry needling (36) | 4 and 8 weeks |
| D. S. Hammer, et al. (2002) [75] | Germany | Patient with CPPF (45), (29.6) | RCT | Chronic - PF | ESWT (24) |
3000 Pulse 16–20 Hz (3) |
Conventional treatment (24) | 6, 12, and 24 weeks |
| L. Gerdesmeyer, et al. (2017) [76] | Germany | Patient with PF (51), (28) | RCT | PF | ESWT (52) |
2000 Pulse 8 Hz (1) |
Placebo (53) | 6 weeks |
| C. Razzano, et al. (2017) [77] | Italy | Patient with PF (51), (26) | RCT | PF | ESWT (49) | 2000 Pulse (3) | NIN (55) | 4 and 12 weeks |
| K. T. L. Chew, et al. (2013) [78] | Singapore | Patient with PF (46), (25) | RCT | PF | ESWT (19) | 2000 Pulse (42) |
ACP (19) Conventional treatment (16) |
4, 12 and 24 weeks |
| F. Eslamian, et al. (2016) [79] | Iran | Patient with PF (41), (NR) | RCT | PF | RaSW (20) |
2000 Pulse 2- Hz (5) |
CI (20) | 4 and 8 weeks |
| M. Corum, et al(2021) [80] | Turkey | patients with LE (46), (25.6) | RCT | LE | RaSW (20) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (3) |
Exercise group (19) | 4 and 12 weeks |
| B. Chung, et al. (2005) [81] | Canada | Patients with LE (46), (26.5) | RCT | LE | ESWT (31) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (3) |
Sham ESWT (29) | 4, 8 and 12 weeks |
| M. S. Beyaza et al. (2015) [82] | Turkey | Patients with LE (40), (29) | RCT | LE | RaSW (32) |
2000 Pulse 16 Hz (3) |
CSI (32) | 4 and 12 weeks |
| M. C. Vulpiani, et al. (2015) [83] | Italy | Patients with chronic LE (51.5), (NR) | RCT | Chronic– LE | FoSW (40) |
2400 Pulse (NR)Hz (3) |
Cryo-US (40) | 12, 24, and 48 Weeks |
| J. D. Rompe, et al. (1996) [84] | Germany | Patients with Chronic LE (42.9), (NR) | RCT | Chronic– LE | ESWT (50) | 3000 Pulse (3) | Control (50) | 3, 6, and 24 Weeks |
| M. P. Staples, et al. (2008) [85] | Australia | patients with chronic LE (49.5), (NR) | RCT | Chronic– LE | ESWT (28) | 2000 Pulse (3) | Placebo (27) | 6, 12, and 24 Weeks |
| T. Guler, et al. (2020) [86] | Turkey | Patients with LE (42.5), (NR) | RCT | Acute– LE | ESWT (20) | 2000 Pulse (3) | KT (20) | 4, and 8 Weeks |
| J. D. Rompe, et al. (2004) [87] | Germany | Patient with chronic LE (45), (22.8) | RCT | Chronic– LE | ESWT (34) |
2000 Pulse 4 Hz (3) |
Sham ESWT (36) | 12 and 48 weeks |
| C. G. Aydin, et al. (2017) [88] | Turkey | Patient with LE (46), (NR) | RCT | LE | ESWT (27) |
1200 Pulse 5 Hz, (4) |
Placebo (19) | 80 weeks |
| B. Vahdatpour, et al. (2020) [89] | Iran | Patient with LE (40), (NR) | RCT | LE | ESWT (35) |
2000 Pulse 5 Hz (3) |
Placebo (35) | 4 and 8 weeks |
| B. Yalvac, et al. (2018) [90] | Turkey | Patient with LE (44), (NR) | RCT | LE | ESWT (20) |
2000 Pulse 10–15 Hz (3) |
Ultrasound (24) | 1 and 4 weeks |
| E. D. Collins, et al. (2011) [91] | USA | Patient with chronic LE (45.7), (NR) | RCT | Chronic– LE | ESWT (90) | 1500 Pulse (1) | Placebo (91) | 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 weeks |
| B. Sarkar, et al. (2013) [92] | India | Patient with chronic LE (41), (NR) | RCT | Chronic– LE | ESWT (15) | 2000 Pulse (3) | Exercise (15) | 4 weeks |
| C. A. Speed, et al. (2002) [93] | UK | Patient with LE (48), (NR) | RCT | LE | ESWT (40) | 1500 Pulse (3) | Sham ESWT (35) | 4, 8 and 12 weeks |
| P. Lizis, et al. (2015) [94] | Poland | Patient with chronic LE (48.5), (NR) | RCT | LE | ESWT (25) |
1500 Pulse 8 Hz (5) |
Ultrasound (25) | 1 and 12 weeks |
| N. Capan, et al. (2016) [95] | Turkey | Patient with LE (48), (27.5) | RCT | LE | RaSW (28) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (3) |
Placebo (28) | 4 and 12 weeks |
| T. H. Yang, et al. (2017) [96] | Taiwan | Patient with LE (50), (25.9) | RCT | LE | RaSW (15) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (3) |
Placebo (13) | 6, 12, 24 weeks |
| D. Celik, et al. (2019) [97] | Turkey | Patient with LE (48), (NR) | RCT | LE | FoSW (20) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (4) |
Photo biomodulation therapy (23) | 1 and 12 weeks |
| T. Ahadi, et al. (2019) [98] | Iran | Patient with LE (47), (NR) | RCT | LE | ESWT (16) |
2000 Pulse 10 Hz (3) |
Prolotherapy (17) | 4 and 8 weeks |
| A. Aydin, et al. (2018) [99] | Turkey | Patient with LE (38), (27) | RCT | LE | ESWT (32) |
2000 Pulse 10–12 Hz (4) |
WESs (35) | 4, 12 and 24 weeks |
| T. Ozmen, et al. (2021) [100] | Turkey | Patient with LE (47.7), (28.5) | RCT | LE | ESWT (14) |
1500 Pulse 4 Hz (3) |
Kinesio taping (13) | 2 and 8 weeks |
| T. Ozmen, et al. (2021) [100] | Turkey | Patient with LE (49), (27.5) | RCT | LE | ESWT (14) |
1500 Pulse 4 Hz (3) |
Ultrasound (13) | 2 and 8 weeks |
| J. Y. Ko, et al. (2020) [101] | Taiwan | Patients with RC tendinopathy (51.5), (23.8) | RCT | RC tendinopathy | ESWT (16) | 3000 Pulse (1) | Sham (15) | 1, 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks |
| K. Engebretsen, et al. (2011) [102] | Norway | Patients with subacromial shoulder pain (48), (NR) | RCT | RC tendinopathy | RaSW (52) |
2000 Pulse 8–12 Hz (4–6) |
Supervised exercises (52) | 6, 12, 18, and 48 weeks |
| V. Dedes, et al. (2019) [103] | Greece | Patients with RC tendinopathy (NR), (NR) | RCT | RC tendinopathy | RaSW (56) |
2000 pulse 15 Hz (4–6) |
Ultrasound (47) | 1 and 4 weeks |
| V. Dedes, et al. (2019) [103] | Greece | Patients with RC tendinopathy (NR), (NR) | RCT | RC tendinopathy | RaSW (56) |
2000 pulse (15) Hz (4–6) |
Control (12) | 1 and 4 weeks |
| J. Zwerver, et al. (2010) [104] | Netherlands | Athletes with mild chronic PT (NR), (NR) | RCT | Knee (PT) | FoSW (31) | NR | Placebo (31) | 1, 12, and 22 Weeks |
| L. Cheng, et al. (2019) [105] | China | Athletes with PT (22.3), (NR) | RCT | Knee (PT) | ESWT (26) |
2000 Pulse (9–12) Hz (16) |
Physical treatments: (acupuncture, ultrasonic wave, microwave therapy) (25) | 16 Weeks |
| K. M. Thijs, et al. (2017) [106] | Netherlands | Athletes with PT (28.6), (23.6) | RCT | Knee (PT) | FoSW (22) |
1000 Pulse 4 Hz (3) |
Placebo (30) | 6, 12, and 24 weeks |
| M. Vetrano, et al. (2013) [107] | Italy | Athletes with jumper’s knee (26.9), (NR) | RCT | Knee (PT) | FoSW (23) | 2.400 Pulse (3) | PRP Injection (23) | 8, 24, and 48 weeks |
| Z. J. Zhang, et al. (2020) [108] | China | Athletes with PT (22.2), (23) | RCT | Knee (PT) | FoSW (17) |
1500 Pulse 4 Hz (1) |
Sham (17) | Post treatment |
CAT: chronic Achilles tendinopathy, CSI: corticosteroids injections, NRSS: numerical rating scale scores, PF: plantar fasciitis, KT: Kinesio taping, FoSW: Focused ESWT, RaSW: Radial ESWT, ESWT: extracorporeal shock wave therapy, NIN: noninvasive interactive neurostimulation, ACP: Autologous conditioned plasma; PRP: Platelet-rich plasma, LE: Lateral epicondylitis, Cryo-US: Cry- ultrasound, PT: Patellar tendinopathy, WES: Wrist extensor splint; RCT: Randomized controlled trials