Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the studied newborns.
| Variable | Total (n=640) | RDSa (n=170) | Controls (n=470) | P value (RDS vs control) | ||
| Maternal characteristics, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
ACTMFb | 192 (30) | 147 (87) | 45 (9.6) | <.001 | |
|
|
Diabetes | 90 (14.1) | 41 (24.1) | 49 (10.4) | <.001 | |
|
|
HDPc | 129 (20.2) | 66 (38.8) | 63 (13.4) | <.001 | |
|
|
Multiple gestation | 101 (15.8) | 67 (39.4) | 34 (7.2) | <.001 | |
| Demographic data at birth | ||||||
|
|
GAd (weeks), median (IQR) | 38.1 (33.8-39.9) | 31.6 (29.9-33.4) | 39.1 (37.4-40.1) | <.001 | |
|
|
Preterm, n (%) | 250 (39.1) | 169 (99.4) | 81 (17.2) | <.001 | |
|
|
Sex, male, n (%) | 320 (50) | 89 (52.4) | 231 (49.1) | .53 | |
|
|
Birth weight (g), median (IQR) | 2688 (905) | 1491 (513) | 3121 (561) | <.001 | |
|
|
Birth weight classification, n (%) | <.001 | ||||
|
|
|
>2500 g | 420 (65.6) | 4 (1) | 416 (99) |
|
|
|
|
LBWe | 130 (20.3) | 79 (46.5) | 51 (10.9) |
|
|
|
|
VLBWf | 58 (9.1) | 55 (32.4) | 3 (0.6) |
|
|
|
|
ELBWg | 32 (5) | 32 (18.8) | 0 (0) |
|
|
|
1-minute Apgar score, median (IQR) | 9 (8-9) | 8 (6-9) | 9 (8-9) | <.001 | |
|
|
5-minute Apgar score, median (IQR) | 9 (9-10) | 9 (8-10) | 9 (9-10) | <.001 | |
|
|
Neonatal resuscitation first steps, n (%) | 268 (41.9) | 160 (94.1) | 108 (23) | <.001 | |
|
|
Neonatal resuscitation steps, PPVi, n (%) | 95 (14.8) | 75 (44.1) | 20 (4.3) | <.001 | |
|
|
Neonatal resuscitation steps, intubation, n (%) | 26 (4.1) | 24 (14.1) | 2 (0.4) | <.001 | |
|
|
Advanced resuscitation, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | <.001 | |
| Follow-up within 72 hours, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
NICUj admission | 186 (29.1) | 170 (100) | 16 (3.4) | <.001 | |
|
|
Discharge | 395 (61.7) | 0 (0) | 395 (84) | <.001 | |
|
|
Mortality | 5 (0.8) | 5 (2.9) | 0 (0) | .07 | |
|
|
Incubator | 166 (25.9) | 152 (89.4) | 14 (3) | <.001 | |
|
|
Ventilatory support | 176 (27.5) | 170 (100) | 6 (1.3) | <.001 | |
|
|
|
MVk | 54 (8.4) | 51 (30) | 3 (0.6) | <.001 |
|
|
|
NIVl | 43 (6.7) | 43 (25.3) | 0 (0) | <.001 |
|
|
|
CPAPm | 156 (24.4) | 153 (90) | 3 (0.6) | <.001 |
|
|
|
NCn | 2 (0.3) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | <.001 |
|
|
Surfactant therapy | 73 (11.4) | 73 (42.9) | 0 (0) | <.001 | |
aRDS: respiratory distress syndrome.
bACTMF: antenatal corticosteroid therapy for fetal maturation exposition.
cHDP: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
dGA: gestational age.
eLBW: low birth weight (<2500 g).
fVLBW: very low birth weight (<1500 g).
gELBW: extremely low birth weight (<1000 g).
hNot available.
iPPV: positive pressure ventilation.
jNICU: neonatal intensive care unit.
kMV: invasive mechanical ventilation.
lNIV: noninvasive mechanical ventilation with bilevel-positive airway pressure.
mCPAP: continuous positive airway pressure.
nNC: oxygen by nasal cannula.