Figure 3.

Effect of apoplastic proteins from cold-acclimated winter rye leaves on the rate of migration of ice through solution-saturated filter paper at −2.5°C. The samples were AE (apoplastic extract; 0.2 mg protein mL⁻¹), and 2× AE (apoplastic extract concentrated 2-fold by ultrafiltration). Controls included water; Suc at a concentration of 40 mOs, which was the same osmotic concentration as AE and 2× AE; and BSA at a concentration of 5 mg protein mL⁻¹. Data are presented as mean ice migration rates ± sem; n = 4.