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Cryoprotection of spinach thylakoids by rye apoplastic proteins. Unstacked spinach thylakoids were frozen and thawed in the presence of apoplastic proteins isolated from cold-acclimated winter rye leaves, then MgCl2 was added to one-half of the samples to stack the thylakoids. Relative packed thylakoid volume was calculated as a percentage of the packed thylakoid volume of the corresponding unfrozen controls × 100. Data are presented as means ± se; n = 3.
