Table 4. Experimental results for machine learning and deep learning algorithms for Kaggle dataset.

Kaggle	Machine learning					Deep learning			Proposed technique
Dataset	NB	LR	SVM	DT	RF	LSTM	Bi-LSTM	GRU	Focal loss
Accuracy	71.2	85.2	81.2	73.6	77.1	77.1	80.5	76.4	97.00
Precision	96.6	76.6	79.7	58.1	82.4	65.6	69.5	60.4	92.72
Recall	12.3	52.4	52.9	54.4	33.4	63.9	64.7	75.3	78.88
F1 Score	18.6	62.2	63.6	65.2	47.6	64.7	67.0	67.0	85.54
Training time (s)	0.03	2.07	12.53	7.8	23.41	4114.3	6626.75	4163.93	614.735
Testing time (s)	0.01	0.23	5.16	0.20	0.46	13.53	42.09	11.52	4.238

Notes.

The best performing results are shown in bold.