Table 1. Study analysis.

Study	Year of Publication	Location	Population	Purpose	Methods	Sensors/Equipment	Disease/Status
Bruyneel et al. (2022)	2022	Switzerland; France	32 patients	Examine the reliability and validity of center of pressure (CoP) parameters measured during sitting balance on an unstable support, specifically for individuals in the subacute phase of stroke with hemiparesis.	Descriptive statistics; Shapiro–Wilk test; Bland-Altman analysis	Handheld dynamometer Dynamic sitting balance	Stroke
Caimmi et al. (2022)	2022	Italy	19 participants	Effects of the intervention in reducing impairment in chronic stroke and to preliminarily verify the effects on activity	Descriptive statistics; Wilcoxon sign rank test; Linear regression; Pearson’s correlation; Evans’ classification	Robot Fully Assisted	Stroke
Ghahramani, Rojas & Stirling (2022)	2022	Australia	38 participants	Explore different metrics that can potentially be used to identify early indications of balance loss and fall risk.	Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; Pearson’s correlation	IMU sensors	Elderly
Moriyama et al. (2022)	2022	Japan	21 young individuals, and 20 elderly individuals	Explore the relationship between the FRT value and the COPE and physical function in healthy young and older individuals classified according to movement patterns	Butterworth filter; Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; Pearson’s correlation; Spearman’s correlation	Mation sensors Infrared cameras	Elderly
Son, Muraki & Tochihara (2022)	2022	Japan; South Korea	9 subjects	Test methods for the investigation of the effect of personal protective equipment on mobility of firefighters.	Descriptive statistics; ANOVA; Student’s t-test; ANOVA; Tukey’s post-hoc test; Kruskal–Wallis test; Dunn’s pairwise tests	Motion sensors	N/D
Ayed et al. (2021)	2021	Spain	19 participants	Investigate the feasibility and potential of using the Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor for measuring balance during the Functional Reach Test (FRT) to facilitate remote evaluation of patients.	Angle estimation; Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; Pearson’s correlation; Student’s t-test; Shapiro–Wilk test	Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor	N/D
Dewar et al. (2021)	2021	Australia	58 participants	Evaluate both forward and lateral FRT, for postural control in children with Cerebral Palsy	Descriptive statistics; Joint kinematic analysis; Student’s t-test; chi-square tests; Mann–Whitney U test; Spearman rank correlation coefficients	Force platforms Camera	Cerebral Palsy
Marchesi et al. (2021)	2021	Italy	15 subjects	Investigate the upper-body kinematics and muscular activity during a modified version of the Functional Reach Test (FRT) in individuals who have experienced a stroke and are in the chronic phase of recovery	Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; Pearson’s correlation; Spearman’s correlation; ANOVA; Anderson–Darling test; Mauchly’s test; Greenhouse–Geisser correction	Infrared cameras RGB cameras	Stroke
Park, Son & Choi (2021)	2021	South Korea	16 participants	Clarify whether the distribution range of the forward reach distance and the relationship between the forward reach distance and the movement distance of the center of pressure differed depending on whether the controlled starting standing position during the functional reach test with an ankle joint strategy.	Descriptive statistics; Wilcoxon signed-rank test; Mann–Whitney U test	Force plate Cameras	N/D
Nozu et al. (2021)	2021	Japan; United States of America	20 individuals	Characterize postural control strategies with and without disrupted somatosensory input during a dynamic balance task in people without chronic ankle sprain.	Butterworth filter; Mathematical models; Angle estimation; Descriptive statistics; Bonferroni correction; Shapiro–Wilk test;	Cameras Force plates	Ankle sprain
Chen et al. (2020)	2020	Taiwan	35 individuals	Organize appropriate physical performance tests into a computerized early frailty screening platform, called frailty assessment tools (FAT) system, to detect individuals who are in the prefrail stage.	Angle estimation; Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; Pearson’s correlation; Student’s t-test; Mann–Whitney U test	Motion sensors	Elderly
Reguera-García et al. (2020)	2020	Spain	63 participants	Determine the evaluations in pressure mapping and verifying whether they are different between the three sample groups (multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and Friedreich’s ataxia), and to determine whether the variables extracted from the pressure mapping analysis are more sensitive than functional tests to evaluate the postural trunk control.	Descriptive statistics; Levene’s test; ANOVA; Bonferroni correction; Shapiro–Wilk test; Fisher statistic; Tukey post-hoc test; Kurskal-Wallis non-parametric H test; Pearson’s correlation; Spearman’s correlation; Linear regression	Pressure Imaging System	Multiple Sclerosis, Spinal Cord Injury; Friedreich’s Ataxia
Santamaria et al. (2020)	2020	United States of America	4 subjects	Investigate the effectiveness of the robotic Trunk-Support-Trainer (TruST) in promoting functional and independent sitting in children with cerebral palsy (CP)	Angle estimation; Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; ANOVA; ANCOVA	Robotic Trunk-Support-Trainer	Cerebral Palsy
Fell et al. (2019)	2019	United States of America	35 participants	Assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using a combination of a mobile application and body-worn sensor technology for measuring functional outcomes in individual’s post-stroke.	Descriptive statistics; Spearman’s correlation	Mobile device NODE sensors	Stroke
Fishbein et al. (2019)	2019	Israel	22 individuals	Investigate the feasibility of using a Virtual Reality-based dual task of an upper extremity while treadmill walking, to improve gait and functional balance performance of chronic poststroke survivors.	Descriptive statistics; ANOVA; Student’s t-test	SeeMe system	Stroke
Tanaka et al. (2019)	2019	Japan	60 participants	Assess the accuracy of a markerless motion capture system in classifying the movement strategy during the Functional Reach Test	Angle estimation; Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; Student’s t-test	Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor	N/D
Verdini et al. (2019)	2019	Italy	48 individuals	Compare the NWBB [Nintendo Wii Balance Board] and a FP [force plates] to assess the error in the vertical force measure in two different highly dynamic tasks such as squatting (SQ) and functional reach test (FR).	Descriptive statistics; ANOVA; Student’s t-test; Mann–Whitney U test; Linear Regression	Nintendo Wii Balance Board Force plate	N/D
Bao et al. (2018)	2018	United States of America	35 individuals	Assess the efficacy of long-term balance training with and without sensory augmentation among community-dwelling healthy older adults.	Descriptive statistics; Student’s t-test	Mobile device	Elderly
Hsiao et al. (2018)	2018	Taiwan	442 participants	Investigate the dependability and associations between Kinect-derived measurements of forward reach distance and velocity, and their relationship with the conventional functional reach distance.	Descriptive statistics; Linear regression; Pearson’s correlation	Microsoft Kinect system	Elderly
Mengarelli et al. (2018)	2018	Italy	48 subjects	Evaluate the validity of the Nintendo Wii Balance Board (NWBB) as a tool for measuring balance during the Functional Reach Test	Descriptive statistics; ANOVA; Student’s t-test; Shapiro–Wilk test; Mann–Whitney U test	Nintendo Wii Balance Board	Elderly
De Luca et al. (2017)	2017	Italy	16 participants (9 female and 7 male)	Investigate the influence on sitting balance and paretic arm functions based on movements of the unimpaired arm	Descriptive statistics; Skillings–Mack test; Wilcoxon sign rank test; Bonferroni correction; Kolmogorov–Smirnov test	Exoskeleton Armeo Spring	Stroke
Williams et al. (2017)	2017	United States of America	20 individuals	Develop a real-time system for assessing fall risk based on the Functional Reach Test	Angle estimation; Mathematical models; Descriptive statistics; Pearson’s correlation	Mobile device Wireless body sensors	Stroke