Table 2. T-test for the differences between the modified gain ratios of participants’ integrated science process in both experimental groups.
| Skills of integrated science process | Group | M | SD | Mean difference | T. Ratio | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Procedural definition | The first group | 13.42 | 4.271 | 2.40 | 4.40 | 0.013 |
| The second group | 11.02 | 2.944 | ||||
| Identification and control of variables | The first group | 14.21 | 3.548 | 2.58 | 5.948 | 0.021 |
| The second group | 11.63 | 2.679 | ||||
| Questions and hypotheses | The first group | 18.02 | 3.322 | 2.86 | 6.90 | 0.034 |
| The second group | 15.16 | 2.638 | ||||
| Procedures and experimentation | The first group | 17.06 | 3.502 | 2.36 | 5.409 | 0.046 |
| The second group | 14.70 | 2.784 | ||||
| Interpretation of results | The first group | 11.49 | 2.791 | 1.40 | 3.457 | 0.043 |
| The second group | 10.09 | 3.052 | ||||
| Total | The first group | 74.19 | 8.557 | 11.6 | 10.608 | 0.036 |
| The second group | 62.59 | 7.233 |