Extended Data Table 2: Extraordinary Genetic Homogeneity in the Core Yamnaya.
We tested all populations and individuals for cladality with Samara Yamnaya. We list populations for which this is not rejected (p>0.05) and populations that include individuals that fit Core Yamnaya selection criteria (p>0.2, at least 300k SNPs, and Yamnaya or Afanasievo culture).
| Population | P-value | Included in Core Yamnaya | Total individuals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Populations that are a clade with Samara Yamnaya | |||
| China_Xinjiang_G218_BA_Afanasievo_oWestEurasia | 9.7E-01 | 1 | 1 |
| Russia_Chelyabinsk_EBA_Yamnaya | 9.5E-01 | 5 | 5 |
| Russia_Volgograd_EBA_Yamnaya | 9.0E-01 | 3 | 5 |
| Russia_Ural_EBA_Yamnaya_contam | 8.2E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Usatove_EBA | 7.9E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Ural_EBA_Yamnaya | 7.3E-01 | 5 | 7 |
| Russia_Afanasievo_Yenisei | 6.7E-01 | 1 | 1 |
| Russia_MBA_Poltavka | 6.5E-01 | 0 | 6 |
| Romania_EBA_Catacomb | 6.3E-01 | 0 | 2 |
| Russia_Orlovka_EBA_Yamnaya | 5.5E-01 | 1 | 1 |
| Ukraine_MBA | 5.1E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya_possible | 5.0E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Kazakhstan_EBA_Yamnaya.SG | 4.8E-01 | 1 | 1 |
| Ukraine_EBA_Yamnaya_contam | 4.4E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_LowerVolga_EBA_Yamnaya | 3.9E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Moldova_Crasnoe_Eneolithic | 3.9E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_EBA_o1.SG | 3.6E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Ukraine_EBA_Catacomb | 3.5E-01 | 0 | 2 |
| Ukraine_MBA_Catacomb_o1 | 3.4E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Moldova_Eneolithic | 3.3E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_BA_WestManych_Catacomb | 3.2E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Mongolia_Chalcolithic_Afanasievo_1 | 2.9E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Kalmykia_EBA | 2.8E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Afanasievo.SG | 2.8E-01 | 0 | 2 |
| Russia_UpperOb_Eneolithic_Afanasievo | 2.8E-01 | 6 | 6 |
| Russia_Volgograd_EBA_Yamnaya_o | 2.8E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Ishkinovka_EBA_Yamnaya | 2.5E-01 | 1 | 1 |
| Usatove_Yamnaya | 2.1E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Latvia_LN_CordedWare | 1.7E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Hungary_EBA_Yamnaya_1drel.I3510_contam | 1.7E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Brillenhohle.pmd | 1.6E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Steppe_Catacomb | 1.6E-01 | 0 | 4 |
| Russia_Volga_EBA_Yamnaya | 1.3E-01 | 4 | 5 |
| Russia_Kalmykia_EasternManych_EMBA | 1.3E-01 | 0 | 2 |
| Russia_N_BA_possible | 1.2E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Afanasievo | 1.2E-01 | 18 | 29 |
| Moldova_Eneolithic_Suvorove | 1.1E-01 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Afanasievo_Khakassia_possible | 9.0E-02 | 0 | 1 |
| BOY_EBA | 8.8E-02 | 0 | 5 |
| Russia_Rostov_Steppe_NorthCaucasus_BA | 7.4E-02 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_LowerDon_EBA_Yamnaya | 6.6E-02 | 0 | 1 |
| Moldova_EBA_Yamnaya | 6.5E-02 | 4 | 16 |
| Ukraine_EBA_Catacomb.SG | 6.2E-02 | 0 | 1 |
| Russia_Afanasievo_contam | 5.8E-02 | 0 | 2 |
| Romania_Brailita_EBA_Yamnaya | 5.8E-02 | 0 | 1 |
| Slovakia_EBA_Yamnaya | 5.1E-02 | 0 | 2 |
| Ukraine_EBA_Yamnaya | 5.1E-02 | 4 | 9 |
| Populations that are not a clade with Samara Yamnaya but include at least one individual that is | |||
| Romania_EBA_Yamnaya | 3.9E-02 | 2 | 8 |
| Russia_Remontnoye_EBA_Yamnaya | 3.5E-02 | 5 | 6 |
| Russia_Kalmykia_EBA_Yamnaya.SG | 1.8E-02 | 2 | 6 |
| Russia_Caucasus_EBA_Yamnaya | 1.6E-02 | 1 | 3 |
| Hungary_EBA_Yamnaya | 1.5E-04 | 1 | 5 |
| Russia_CaspianInland_EBA_Yamnaya | 1.2E-04 | 12 | 26 |
| Russia_UpperYenisey_Eneolithic_Afanasievo | 2.3E-05 | 1 | 4 |
| Russia_Don_EBA_Yamnaya | 2.8E-50 | 2 | 23 |