Table 2:

Comparison of epithelial barrier investigation devices

	Biological Sample		Electrical Permeability				Chamber/System Design
	Sample Type	Demonstrated Tissue Viability	TEER capable?	Electrode Type	Stimulus Signal	Measurement Electronics	Microfluidics Support	Throughput
Transwell 2,42	Cell monolayer	-	Yes	Ag/AgCl “stick” electrodes	DC	Commercial Benchtop	No	96
Liang et al., 2023 12	Cell monolayer (canine kidney)	-	Yes	Integrated glass chip	Up to 10MHz	Commercial Benchtop	Yes	1
Helm et al., 2019 19	Cell monolayer (Caco-2)	-	Yes	Polycarbonate substrate electrode chips	Up to 100kHz	Commercial Benchtop	Yes	1
Fernandes et al., 2022 20	Cell monolayer (GI tract and airway)	-	Yes	Integrated glass chip	Up to 100kHz	Custom-built	One side only	8
Navicyte 6	Mouse and human intestinal tissue	<3 h	Yes	Ag/AgCl “stick” electrodes	DC	Commercial Benchtop	No	6
Clarke et al., 2009 5	Mouse colon tissue	3 h	Yes	Ag/AgCl electrodes connected by salt bridge	DC	Commercial Benchtop	No	1
Calvo et al., 2020 23	Frog epithelial tissue	-	Yes	Integrated “stick” electrodes	Up to 100kHz	Custom-built	No	1
Dawson et al., 2016 43	Human intestine tissue	72 h	No	-	-	-	Yes	1
Poenar et al., 2020 7	Porcine esophageal tissue	48	Yes	Integrated “stick” electrodes	DC	Commercial Benchtop	Yes	1
Cherwin et al., 202311 & Richardson et al., 202014	Mouse colon tissue	72 h	No	-	-	-	Yes	1
Amirabadi et al., 2022 44	Porcine & human colon tissue	24 h	No	Optical Fiber Sensor	-	-	Yes	1
This Work	Mouse colon tissue	72 h	Yes	Integrated glass chip	Up to 5kHz	Custom-built	Yes	3