Table II.
Clinicopathological characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | N/tot (%) | N/TCR (%) | N/TFR (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| Mean [range] | 61.2 [4-83] | 63.1 [27-83] | 60.5 [4-82] |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 64/90 (71.1) | 23/27 (85.2) | 41/63 (65.1) |
| Female | 26/90 (28.9) | 4/27 (14.8) | 22/63 (34.9) |
| Previous treatments | |||
| Surgery | 16/90 (17.8) | 4/27 (14.8) | 12/63(19) |
| Surgery + radiotherapy | 10/90 (11.1) | 2/27 (7.4) | 8/63 (12.7) |
| Chemo-radiotherapy | 9/90 (16.6) | 2/27 (7.4) | 7/63 (11.1) |
| pT classification | |||
| T2 | 10/90 (11.1) | - | 10/63 (15.9) |
| T3 | 15/90 (16.7) | 1/27 (3.7) | 14/63 (22.2) |
| T4a | 36/90(40) | 3/27 (11.1) | 33/63 (52.4) |
| T4b | 29/90 (32.2) | 23/27 (85.2) | 6/63 (9.5) |
| N classification | |||
| N0 | 87/90 (96.7) | 27/27(100) | 60/63 (95.2) |
| N1 | 3/90 (3.3) | - | 3/63 (4.8) |
| Tumour site of origin | |||
| Ethmoid sinus | 24/90 (26.7) | 11/27 (40.7) | 13/63 (20.6) |
| Frontal sinus | 7/90 (7.8) | 6/27 (22.2) | 1/63 (1.6) |
| Maxillary sinus | 48/90 (53.3) | 4/27 (14.8) | 44/63 (69.8) |
| Nasal septum | 6/90 (6.7) | 2/27 (7.4) | 4/63 (6.3) |
| Olfactory cleft | 4/90 (4.4) | 1/27 (3.7) | 3/63 (4.8) |
| Pterygoid | 1/90 (1.1) | - | 1/63 (1.6) |
| Histologic group | |||
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 38/90 (42.2) | 10/27(37) | 28/63 (44.4) |
| Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma | 13/90 (14.4) | 8/27 (29.6) | 5/63 (7.9) |
| Other epithelial tumours | 20/90 (22.2) | 1/27 (3.8) | 19/63 (30.3) |
| Malignant soft tissue tumours | 10/90 (11.1) | 3/27 (11.1) | 7/63 (11.1) |
| Mucosal melanoma | 6/90 (6.7) | 2/27 (7.4) | 4/63 (6.3) |
| Olfactory neuroblastoma | 3/90 (3.3) | 3/27 (11.1) | - |
| Surgery | |||
| Radical maxillectomy | 39/90 (43.3) | - | 39/63(62) |
| Orbital exenteration | 12/90 (13.3) | - | 12/63(19) |
| Cranio-endoscopic resection | 12/90 (15.6) | 12/27 (44.4) | - |
| Combined approaches | 27/90(30) | 15/27 (55.6) | 12/63(19) |
| Skull base reconstruction | 27/90(30) | 27/27(100) | - |
| Neck dissection | 17/90 (18.9) | 2/27 (7.4) | 15/63 (23.9) |
| Reconstruction | 51/90 (56.7) | 11/27 (40.7) | 40/63 (63.5) |
| Surgical margins | |||
| Negative | 62/90 (68.9) | 12/27 (44.4) | 50/63 (79.4) |
| Positive | 28/90 (31.1) | 15/27 (55.6) | 13/63 (20.6) |
| Adjuvant treatment | |||
| Exclusive radiotherapy | 51/90 (56.7) | 17/27(63) | 34/63(54) |
| Exclusive chemotherapy | 4/90 (4.4) | 1/27 (3.8) | 3/63 (4.8) |
| Chemo-radiotherapy | 9/90(10) | 4/27 (14.8) | 5/63 (7.9) |
| Recurrence | |||
| Overall recurrence rate | 39/90 (43.3) | 15/27 (55.6) | 24/63(38) |
| Local (T+, N0, M0) | 19/90 (21.1) | 4/27 (14.8) | 15/63 (23.8) |
| Regional (T±, N+, M0) | 7/90 (7.7) | 2/27 (7.4) | 5/63 (7.9) |
| Distant (T±, N±, M+) | 13/90 (14.4) | 9/27 (33.4) | 4/63 (6.3) |
| Status | |||
| NED | 36/90(40) | 4/27 (14.8) | 32/63 (50.8) |
| AWD | 18/90(20) | 6/27 (22.2) | 12/63(19) |
| DOD | 28/90 (31.1) | 13/27 (48.2) | 15/63 (23.9) |
| DOC | 8/90 (8.9) | 4/27 (14.8) | 4/63 (6.3) |
| AWD: alive with disease; DOC: dead of other causes; DOD: dead of disease; M: distant disease; N: regional disease; NED: no evidence of disease; T: local disease; TCR: transcranial resection; TFR: transfacial resection. | |||