Table 1.
Characteristics of the enrolled patients
| Total (n = 160) | Patients with gene mutations (n = 95) | Patients without gene mutations (n = 65) | P | |
| Age at diagnosis of CP, yr (IQR) | 38.5 (27.0–48.0) | 33.0 (24.0–41.0) | 46.0 (35.5–54.0) | <0.001 |
| Age at onset of CP, yr (IQR) | 32.5 (22.0–44.0) | 29.0 (19.0–39.0) | 42.0 (29.5–50.5) | <0.001 |
| Age at the end of follow-up, yr (IQR) | 49.5 (38.9–58.0) | 44.0 (37.0–53.0) | 56.0 (46.5–64.0) | <0.001 |
| Smoking history, n (%) | 4 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (4.6) | 0.367 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 4 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (4.6) | 0.367 |
| Age at marriage, yr (IQR) | 24.0 (22.0–26.0) | 24.0 (22.5–26.0) | 23.0 (21.0–26.0) | 0.055 |
| Age at first pregnancy, yr (IQR) | 25.0 (22.0–28.0) | 25.0 (23.0–28.0) | 24.0 (22.0–27.8) | 0.278 |
| Age at first delivery, yr (IQR) | 25.0 (23.0–28.0) | 25.0 (23.0–28.0) | 24.0 (22.0–27.8) | 0.237 |
| Onset symptoms, n (%) | 0.565 | |||
| Pain | 50 (31.3) | 33 (34.7) | 17 (26.2) | |
| AP | 78 (48.8) | 41 (43.2) | 37 (56.9) | |
| Diabetes | 14 (8.8) | 9 (9.5) | 5 (7.7) | |
| Steatorrhea | 10 (6.3) | 7 (7.4) | 3 (4.6) | |
| Asymptomatic | 8 (5.0) | 5 (5.3) | 3 (4.6) | |
| Etiology of CP, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Idiopathic | 131 (81.9) | 84 (88.4) | 47 (72.3) | |
| Alcoholic | 4 (2.5) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (4.6) | |
| Hereditary | 6 (3.8) | 6 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Othersa | 19 (11.9) | 4 (4.2) | 15 (23.1) | |
| Complications of CP, n (%) | ||||
| Diabetes | 48 (30.0) | 28 (29.5) | 20 (30.8) | 0.861 |
| Steatorrhea | 36 (22.5) | 24 (25.3) | 12 (18.5) | 0.312 |
| Pseudocyst | 19 (11.9) | 7 (7.4) | 12 (18.5) | 0.033 |
| Portal hypertension | 6 (3.8) | 3 (3.2) | 3 (4.6) | 0.958 |
| Biliary stricture | 4 (2.5) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0.897 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | — |
| Gene mutations, n (%) | 95 (59.4) | — | — | — |
| SPINK1 mutations | 67 (41.9) | 67 (70.5) | — | — |
| PRSS1 mutations | 24 (15.0) | 24 (25.3) | — | — |
| CTRC mutations | 6 (3.8) | 6 (6.3) | — | — |
| CFTR mutations | 16 (10.0) | 16 (16.8) | — | — |
| Acute pain attack during pregnancy, n (%) | 13 (8.1) | 10 (10.5) | 3 (4.6) | 0.179 |
| ERCP and/or ESWL, n (%) | 156 (97.5) | 95 (100.0) | 61 (93.8) | 0.053 |
| Surgery, n (%) | 10 (6.3) | 5 (5.3) | 5 (7.7) | 0.771 |
AP, acute pancreatitis; CP, chronic pancreatitis; ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; ESWL, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy; IQR, interquartile range.
a
Other etiology of CP includes abnormal anatomy of pancreatic duct and trauma.