Table 1.
Comparison of patient characteristics by PROCEED study group
| Plasma/urine | Control n = 50 |
AP/RAP n = 71 |
CP n = 50 |
P value |
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 51.4 (14.1) | 48.7 (13.8)a | 55.5 (11.9)a | 0.028 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.915 | |||
| Male | 29 (58.0) | 42 (59.2) | 31 (62.0) | |
| Female | 21 (42.0) | 29 (40.8) | 19 (38.0) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| <24.9 | 14 (28.0) | 27 (38.0) | 34 (68.0) | |
| 25–29.9 | 26 (52.0) | 26 (36.6) | 9 (18.0) | |
| >30 | 10 (20.0) | 18 (25.4) | 7 (14.0) | |
| Etiology, n (%) | 0.006 | |||
| Idiopathic | N/A | 41 (57.7) | 17 (34.0) | |
| Alcoholic | 18 (25.4) | 26 (52.0) | ||
| Genetic | 1 (1.4) | 3 (6.0) | ||
| Obstructive | 2 (2.8) | 1 (2.0) | ||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 9 (12.7) | 1 (2.0) | ||
| Postnecrotic | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | ||
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.0) | ||
| EPD present, n/total n (%) | N/A | 10/49 (20.4)b | 24/40 (60.0)b | <0.001 |
| Diabetes present, n/total n (%) | N/A | 18/71 (25.4) | 19/49 (38.8)b | 0.118 |
| Smoking, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Current | 2 (4.0) | 13 (18.3) | 25 (50.0) | |
| Past | 10 (20.0) | 23 (32.4) | 13 (26.0) | |
| Never | 38 (76.0) | 35 (49.3) | 12 (24.0) |
| PBMCs | Control n = 16 |
AP/RAP n = 17 |
CP n = 15 |
P value |
| Age, yr, mean (SD) | 45.7 (11.9) | 40.2 (11.2) | 54.5 (10.4) | 0.006 |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.608 | |||
| Male | 9 (56.3) | 11 (64.7) | 8 (53.3) | |
| Female | 7 (53.7) | 8 (35.3) | 7 (46.7) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, n (%) | 0.069 | |||
| <24.9 | 6 (37.5) | 4 (23.5) | 8 (53.3) | |
| 25–29.9 | 7 (43.8) | 3 (17.7) | 4 (26.7) | |
| >30 | 3 (18.8) | 10 (58.8) | 3 (20.0) | |
| Etiology, n (%) | 0.030 | |||
| Idiopathic | N/A | 9 (52.9) | 7 (46.7) | |
| Alcoholic | 4 (23.5) | 8 (53.3) | ||
| Genetic | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Obstructive | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 4 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Postnecrotic | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| EPD present, n (%) | N/A | 3/11 (27.3)b | 10/13 (76.9)b | 0.038 |
| Diabetes present, n (%) | N/A | 5 (29.4) | 9 (60.0) | 0.080 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| Current | 0 (0.0) | 5 (29.4) | 9 (60.0) | |
| Past | 3 (18.8) | 5 (29.4) | 4 (26.7) | |
| Never | 13 (81.3) | 7 (41.2) | 2 (13.3) |
Results for subjects with available plasma and urine are shown at the top, whereas results for subjects with available PBMCs are shown at the bottom. Subject age was analyzed using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey's HSD for multiple comparisons. Subject sex, BMI, pancreatitis etiology, EPD, diabetes status, and cigarette use were analyzed using χ2 analysis.
AP, acute pancreatitis; BMI, body mass index; CP, chronic pancreatitis; EPD, exocrine pancreatic dysfunction; HSD, honestly significant difference; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; RAP, recurrent acute pancreatitis.
a
P < 0.05 between AP/RAP and CP.
b
Missing data from some of the cases.