Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Number | Overall | ACM | No ACM | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,276 | 1,007 | 3,269 | ||
| Age, y | 71 [64, 79] | 77 [68, 84] | 70 [63, 77] | < 0.001 |
| Male, % | 59.6 | 61.8 | 58.9 | 0.106 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.4 [24.1, 31.6] | 26.0 [23.0, 30.3] | 27.8 [24.5, 32.0] | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 78.3 | 82.5 | 76.9 | < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, % | 68.3 | 63.8 | 69.7 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 34.6 | 41.8 | 32.4 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, % | 7.6 | 7.0 | 7.8 | 0.378 |
| History of CAD, % | 35.6 | 45.8 | 32.5 | < 0.001 |
| Cerebral stroke, % | 10.0 | 12.2 | 9.3 | 0.008 |
| PVD, % | 9.1 | 11.9 | 8.2 | 0.001 |
| Anginal chest pain, % | 53.5 | 48.2 | 55.1 | < 0.001 |
| Shortness of breath, % | 47.8 | 49.4 | 47.4 | 0.279 |
| Early revascularization, % | 9.2 | 11.5 | 8.4 | 0.004 |
| Stress TPD, % | 3.4 [1.3, 9.1] | 6.3 [2.2, 15.4] | 2.9 [1.1, 7.4] | < 0.001 |
| Rest TPD, % | 0.4 [0.0, 2.1] | 1.2 [0.1, 6.0] | 0.2 [0.0, 1.6] | < 0.001 |
| LVEF at stress, % | 68.3 [56.9, 76.0] | 60.1 [43.9, 70.2] | 70.1 [60.8, 77.1] | < 0.001 |
| LVEF at rest, % | 64.8 [53.8, 72.3] | 57.0 [41.9, 67.7] | 66.4 [57.6, 73.2] | < 0.001 |
| Stress-rest change in LVEF, % | 3.4 [0.2, 6.2] | 2.5 [-0.7, 5.2] | 3.7 [0.5, 6.4] | < 0.001 |
| LVEDV at stress, mL | 96 [74, 125] | 103 [75, 139] | 94 [73, 121] | < 0.001 |
| LVEDV at rest, mL | 86 [66, 113] | 94 [67, 128] | 84 [65, 108] | < 0.001 |
| LVESV at stress, mL | 30 [19, 51] | 39 [24, 72] | 28 [18, 46] | < 0.001 |
| LVESV at rest, mL | 30 [19, 49] | 39 [23, 69] | 29 [18, 44] | < 0.001 |
| MBF at stress, mL/g/min | 2.44 [1.81, 3.11] | 2.03 [1.45, 2.76] | 2.55 [1.95, 3.18] | < 0.001 |
| MBF at rest, mL/g/min | 1.09 [0.85, 1.37] | 1.14 [0.89, 1.44] | 1.08 [0.84, 1.34] | < 0.001 |
| MFR | 2.20 [1.70, 2.79] | 1.75 [1.36, 2.26] | 2.34 [1.84, 2.92] | < 0.001 |
| Rest HR, bpm | 68 [60, 77] | 71 [63, 81] | 67 [60, 76] | < 0.001 |
| Peak HR, bpm | 89 [79, 100] | 85 [75, 96] | 90 [80, 102] | < 0.001 |
| HR response, bmp | 20 [11, 29] | 12 [5, 20] | 22 [13, 30] | < 0.001 |
| Rest systolic BP, mmHg | 135 [122, 149] | 134 [120, 150] | 135 [123, 149] | 0.118 |
| Peak systolic BP, mmHg | 115 [102, 129] | 114 [98, 129] | 116 [103, 130] | < 0.001 |
| Systolic BP response, mmHg | -20 [-32, -8] | -21 [-34, -9] | -19 [-31, -7] | 0.011 |
| Rest diastolic BP, mmHg | 72 [64, 81] | 69 [61, 79] | 73 [65, 82] | < 0.001 |
| Peak diastolic BP, mmHg | 54 [46, 63] | 50 [41, 59] | 55 [47, 64] | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP response, mmHg | -18 [-25, -10] | -20 [-27, -11] | -17 [-25, -10] | < 0.001 |
| Stress maximum myocardial motion during first pass | ||||
| Superior to inferior, mm | 4.2 [2.2, 6.7] | 2.9 [1.1, 4.8] | 4.7 [2.6, 7.1] | < 0.001 |
| Lateral to septal, mm | 1.7 [0.3, 3.2] | 1.3 [0.0, 2.8] | 1.8 [0.5, 3.3] | < 0.001 |
| Basal to apical, mm | 1.3 [0.0, 3.0] | 1.1 [0.0, 2.8] | 1.4 [0.0, 3.0] | 0.020 |
| Rest maximum myocardial motion during first pass | ||||
| Superior to inferior, mm | 0.8 [0.0-2.3] | 0.6 [0.0–2.0] | 0.9 [0.0-2.4] | < 0.001 |
| Lateral to septal, mm | 0.6 [0.0-1.7] | 0.5 [0.0-1.6] | 0.7 [0.0-1.7] | 0.010 |
| Base to apex, mm | 0.9 [0.0-2.1] | 0.8 [0.0-1.6] | 0.9 [0.0-2.1] | 0.693 |
Values are shown as median [25th, 75th percentiles] or number (%) of patients. ACM, all-cause mortality; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; HR, heart rate; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; MBF, myocardial blood flow; MFR, myocardial flow reserve; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; TPD, total perfusion deficit