Table 1.
Participant characteristics by physical activity timing group
| No aerobic bouts | Morning | Afternoon | Evening | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n | 15,530 | 5,452 | 6,949 | 1,905 | 29,836 |
| Follow-up, years | 7.9 (0.8) | 7.9 (0.8) | 7.8 (0.7) | 7.9 (0.7) | 7.9 (0.8) |
| Age, years | 62.1 (7.7) | 62.2 (7.8) | 62.4 (7.7) | 62.4 (7.7) | 62.2 (7.7) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 7,334 (47.2) | 2,589 (47.5) | 3,175 (45.7) | 876 (46.0) | 13,974 (46.8) |
| Aerobic MVPA bouts per day | |||||
| Morning | — | 4.8 (5.4) | 1.3 (2.6) | 0.5 (1.2) | 1.5 (3.4) |
| Afternoon | — | 1.3 (2.5) | 5.0 (5.6) | 0.6 (1.4) | 1.8 (3.7) |
| Evening | — | 0.3 (1.2) | 0.5 (1.3) | 3.4 (3.5) | 0.6 (1.8) |
| Aerobic MVPA bout length, min/bout | 3.8 (3.2, 4.8) | 3.7 (3.2, 4.6) | 3.5 (3.0, 4.8) | 3.5 (3.2, 4.8) | |
| MVPA min/day | 27.8 (15.8, 45.9) | 27.6 (15.3, 46.4) | 27.5 (15.5, 45.0) | 29.1 (16.1, 45.8) | 27.8 (15.6, 45.8) |
| Light intensity, min/day | 99.9 (68.3, 152.5) | 99.9 (67.7, 153.7) | 100.1 (67.0,152.2) | 98.9 (67.4, 155.1) | 99.9 (67.9, 152.9) |
| Sedentary time, h/day | 12.3 (11.2, 13.4) | 12.3 (11.2, 13.4) | 12.3 (11.2, 13.4) | 12.4 (11.3, 13.3) | 12.3 (11.2, 13.4) |
| Sleep duration, h/day | 7.4 (6.5, 8.1) | 7.4 (6.5, 8.2) | 7.4 (6.5, 8.1) | 7.4 (6.5, 8.1) | 7.4 (6.5, 8.1) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 96.6 (14.0) | 96.7 (14.2) | 96.5 (14.0) | 96.3 (14.0) | 96.6 (14.1) |
| Female | 96.4 (14.0) | 96.6 (14.2) | 96.5 (14.2) | 95.9 (13.9) | 96.4 (14.1) |
| Male | 96.9 (14.1) | 96.8 (14.2) | 96.4 (13.9) | 96.7 (14.0) | 96.7 (14.1) |
| Townsend deprivation index | −1.5 (2.9) | −1.5 (2.9) | −1.5 (2.9) | −1.6 (2.9) | −1.5 (2.9) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||||
| Previous | 503 (3.2) | 192 (3.5) | 209 (3.0) | 67 (3.5) | 971 (3.3) |
| Never | 542 (3.5) | 186 (3.4) | 211 (3.0) | 66 (3.5) | 1,005 (3.4) |
| Within guidelines | 8,749 (56.3) | 3,058 (56.1) | 3,985 (57.3) | 1,090 (57.2) | 16,882 (56.6) |
| Above guidelines | 3,418 (22.0) | 1,150 (21.1) | 1,465 (21.1) | 384 (20.2) | 6,417 (21.5) |
| Doubly above guidelines | 2,318 (14.9) | 866 (15.9) | 1,079 (15.5) | 298 (15.6) | 4,561 (15.3) |
| Smoking history, n (%) | |||||
| Never | 8,340 (53.7) | 2,886 (52.9) | 3,654 (52.6) | 994 (52.2) | 15,874 (53.2) |
| Previous | 6,049 (39.0) | 2,192 (40.2) | 2,783 (40.0) | 769 (40.4) | 11,793 (39.5) |
| Current | 1,141 (7.3) | 374 (6.9) | 512 (7.4) | 142 (7.5) | 2,169 (7.3) |
| Fruit and vegetable servings per day | 7.9 (4.6) | 7.9 (4.6) | 7.8 (4.6) | 7.9 (4.5) | 7.9 (4.6) |
| Prevalent CVD, n (%) | 1,886 (12.1) | 672 (12.3) | 899 (12.9) | 259 (13.6) | 3,716 (12.5) |
| Prevalent cancer, n (%) | 972 (6.3) | 359 (6.6) | 450 (6.5) | 141 (7.4) | 1,922 (6.4) |
| Medication use, n (%) | |||||
| Antihypertensive | 4,031 (26.0) | 1,424 (26.1) | 1,818 (26.2) | 498 (26.1) | 7,771 (26.0) |
| Cholesterol | 3,439 (22.1) | 1,288 (23.6) | 1,554 (22.4) | 448 (23.5) | 6,729 (22.6) |
| Insulin | 1,227 (7.9) | 353 (6.5) | 431 (6.2) | 127 (6.7) | 2,138 (7.2) |
Data are reported as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified.