Fig. 3. A visualized pattern-recognition network.

a ∆EPSC triggered by 100 spikes of −4 V. b Chromaticity of three primary colors and gray extracted from nine sampling points triggered by 100 spikes of −4 V. c Current (EPSC)-spike number-voltage (V_DS) contour map of the ENT device. d Diagram of a 3 × 3 ENT array for visualized visual cortex. e Classification of 3 × 3-pixel images of X, L, T and Y, where the pixels are read by V_DS of input neurons and processed by pulses from biomimetic visual cortex. f Schematic of the response of each channel output and total output in an example of image X, under n_max = 100. g With different n_max, the optimal number of pulses applied to each input neuron, and the range of output value for each image category. Box plots indicate standard deviations of output value. h Visualized weight changes in initial and after training with n_max = 100.