Table 1. Characteristics of Study Participants With Incident Fracture Stratified by Subsequent Fracturea.
| Characteristic | Females (n = 16 191) | Males (n = 9089) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subsequent fracture (n = 2540) | No subsequent fracture (n = 13 651) | Subsequent fracture (n = 1135) | No subsequent fracture (n = 7954) | |
| Age, mean (SD), yb | 76 (12)c | 72 (12)c | 75 (13)c | 73 (13)c |
| Weight, mean (SD), kgd | 67 (16)c | 69 (15)c | 82 (17)c | 83 (17)c |
| Fallse | 769 (30)c | 3383 (25)c | 325 (29)c | 1592 (20)c |
| Prior fracturef | 286 (11)c | 969 (7)c | 102 (9)c | 399 (5)c |
| Aged care residencyg | 90 (4) | 405 (3) | 34 (3) | 239 (3) |
| Help for disabilityh | 358 (14)c | 1290 (9)c | 133 (12)c | 633 (8)c |
| Smokeri | 165 (7) | 886 (6) | 105 (9) | 691 (9) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index scorej | ||||
| ≤1 | 1785 (70)c | 10 178 (75)c | 671 (59)c | 5130 (65)c |
| 2-3 | 606 (24)c | 2708 (19)c | 340 (30)c | 2015 (25)c |
| ≥4 | 149 (6)c | 765 (6)c | 124 (11)c | 809 (10)c |
| Prior hospitalizations, No.k | ||||
| 0 | 1794 (71)c | 10 179 (75)c | 650 (57)c | 5023 (63)c |
| 1-2 | 639 (25)c | 2970 (22)c | 369 (33)c | 2302 (29)c |
| ≥3 | 107 (4)c | 502 (4)c | 116 (10)c | 629 (8)c |
| Comorbiditiesl | ||||
| Acute myocardial infarction | 203 (8)c | 729 (5)c | 107 (9) | 703 (9) |
| Congestive heart failure | 458 (18)c | 2132 (16)c | 331 (29)c | 1932 (24)c |
| Stroke | 148 (6)c | 546 (4)c | 73 (6) | 473 (6) |
| Diabetes | 82 (3) | 434 (3) | 61 (5) | 351 (4) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 520 (20) | 2721 (20) | 184 (16) | 1339 (17) |
| Kidney disease | 55 (2) | 283 (2) | 50 (4) | 295 (4) |
| Dementia | 75 (3) | 351 (3) | 38 (3) | 247 (3) |
| Cancer | 462 (18) | 2602 (19) | 315 (28)c | 1868 (23)c |
| Parkinson disease | 45 (2)c | 136 (1)c | 37 (3)c | 124 (2)c |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19 (1) | 78 (1) | 14 (1) | 105 (1) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 459 (18)c | 2219 (16)c | 159 (14) | 1145 (14) |
| Moderate-severe liver disease | 13 (1) | 74 (1) | 8 (1) | 57 (1) |
| Plegia | 32 (1) | 126 (1) | 27 (2)c | 119 (1)c |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 40 (2)c | 88 (1)c | 6 (1)c | 21 (0.3)c |
| Neurological conditions | 107 (4)c | 381 (3)c | 64 (6) | 359 (5) |
| Depression | 663 (26) | 3423 (25) | 244 (22)c | 1473 (19)c |
Abbreviation: ICD-10, International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision.
Data are presented as the number (percentage) of participants unless otherwise indicated.
45 and Up Study question: “What is your date of birth?”22 Age at incident fracture was derived from this birth date.
Significant difference (2-sided P < .05) between those with subsequent fractures and those without.
45 and Up Study question: “About how much do you weigh?”22
45 and Up Study question: “During the past 12 months, how many times have you fallen to the floor or the ground?”22
45 and Up Study question: “Have you had a broken/fractured bone in the last 5 years?”22
45 and Up Study question: “What best describes your current housing? (1) house, (2) hostel for the aged, (3) nursing home, (4) flat, unit, apartment, (5) house on farm, (6) mobile home, (7) other retirement village, (8) self-care unit.”22
45 and Up Study question: “Do you regularly need help with daily tasks because of long-term illness or disability?”22
45 and Up Study question: “Are you a regular smoker now?”22
Admitted Patient Data Collection using ICD-10 codes.
45 and Up Study question: “Has a doctor ever told you that you have…”22 and Admitted Patient Data Collection using ICD-10 codes and Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes in the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data using the Rx-Risk Index.