Table 3. Association Between Different Strata of Self-Rated Health Measures and Subsequent Fracture and Mortality After Fracture.
| Health measure | HR (95% CI)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Females | Males | |||
| Subsequent fracture risk | Mortality risk | Subsequent fracture risk | Mortality risk | |
| Overall health | ||||
| Excellent | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Very good | 1.00 (0.86-1.17) | 1.46 (1.14-1.87)b | 1.08 (0.86-1.37) | 1.29 (1.03-1.62)b |
| Good | 1.20 (1.03-1.40)b | 1.98 (1.56-2.50)b | 1.17 (0.89-1.40) | 1.63 (1.31-2.02)b |
| Fair | 1.37 (1.16-1.62)b | 2.86 (2.24-3.65)b | 1.36 (1.06-1.74)b | 2.32 (1.86-2.90)b |
| Poor | 1.54 (1.20-1.98)b | 3.99 (3.01-5.30)b | 1.49 (1.03-2.14)b | 3.21 (2.43-4.24)b |
| Quality of life | ||||
| Excellent | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Very good | 0.99 (0.87-1.13) | 1.41 (1.16-1.71)b | 1.12 (0.92-1.36) | 1.47 (1.22-1.76)b |
| Good | 1.18 (1.04-1.35)b | 1.82 (1.51-2.19)b | 1.14 (0.94-1.39) | 1.81 (1.51-2.16)b |
| Fair | 1.48 (1.27-1.72)b | 2.30 (1.88-2.81)b | 1.30 (1.03-1.63)b | 2.05 (1.69-2.48)b |
| Poor | 1.58 (1.22-2.03)b | 3.07 (2.37-3.97)b | 1.37 (1.01-2.11)b | 2.51 (1.91-3.29)b |
| Overall memory | ||||
| Excellent | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Very good | 0.95 (0.82-1.11) | 0.98 (0.82-1.16) | 1.04 (0.82-1.30) | 0.92 (0.77-1.10) |
| Good | 1.13 (0.98-1.30) | 1.04 (0.89-1.22) | 1.01 (0.81-1.26) | 1.03 (0.87-1.21) |
| Fair | 1.24 (1.06-1.44)b | 1.21 (1.02-1.43)b | 1.25 (0.99-1.57) | 1.17 (0.99-1.38) |
| Poor | 1.40 (1.11-1.77)b | 1.49 (1.19-1.86)b | 1.34 (0.98-1.83) | 1.43 (1.15-1.78)b |
| Quality of eyesight | ||||
| Excellent | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] |
| Very good | 0.96 (0.82-1.12) | 1.06 (0.87-1.28) | 0.91 (0.72-1.15) | 1.09 (0.90-1.33) |
| Good | 0.99 (0.85-1.16) | 1.26 (1.05-1.52)b | 1.00 (0.80-1.24) | 1.30 (1.08-1.55)b |
| Fair | 1.07 (0.90-1.26) | 1.35 (1.11-1.64)b | 1.04 (0.81-1.32) | 1.35 (1.11-1.64)b |
| Poor | 1.13 (0.91-1.41) | 1.33 (1.06-1.68)b | 0.91 (0.63-1.32) | 1.65 (1.29-2.11)b |
Abbreviation: HR, hazard ratio.
a
Models were adjusted for age, weight, falls, prior fractures, aged care residency, help for disability, and smoking status. In all models, each stratum’s HR was compared with the reference stratum (those who reported “excellent”) for that measure.
b
Significant at 2-sided P < .05.