Table 2.
Analytical themes of the thematic analysis presented in descending order of coding frequency and aligned with the hierarchy derived from the data analysis.
| Domain (level 1) and dimensions (level 2) | Subdimension (level 3) | Type of dHTa | |||
| Description of the technology (n=19, 6.2%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33,34], mHealthb [36,38-40,55], AIc [41], eHealth [50], digital health [16,17,49,51] | ||||
|
|
Credibility and reputation (n=5, 1.6%) | —d | mHealth [40,55], digital health [56] | ||
|
|
Scientific basis (n=5, 1.6%) | — | mHealth [36,39,40], digital health [17,56] | ||
|
|
Technical evaluation and validation (n=3, 1.0%) | — | mHealth [36], digital health [45] | ||
|
|
Adoption (n=2, 0.6%) | — | AI [41], digital health [47] | ||
|
|
Adoption (n=2, 0.6%) | Usage (n=2, 0.6%) | AI [41], digital health [47] | ||
|
|
Adoption (n=2, 0.6%) | Integration (n=1, 0.3%) | AI [41] | ||
|
|
Information management (n=2, 0.6%) | — | eHealth [43], digital health [17] | ||
|
|
Novelty (n=1, 0.7%) | — | Digital health [17] | ||
| Safety (n=19, 6.2%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33], mHealth [37-40,52], AI [41], eHealth [43,50], digital health [16,44,49,51,56] | ||||
|
|
Clinical safety (n=12, 3.9%) | — | Non–face-to-face care models [33], mHealth [37,38,52], AI [41], eHealth [43,50], digital health [16,44,49,51] | ||
|
|
Technical safety (n=11, 3.6%) | — | Non–face-to-face care models [33], mHealth [37,39,52], digital health [16,44,49,51,56] | ||
| Clinical efficacy and effectiveness (n=17, 5.5%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33,35], mHealth [38,39,52,53], eHealth [43,50], digital health [16,44,45,47,49,51] | ||||
| Economic aspects (n=16, 5.2%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33-35], mHealth [36,38,39], AI [54], eHealth [42,48,50], digital health [16,45,47,49,51] | ||||
|
|
Costs (n=10, 3.2%) | — | Non–face-to-face care models [33,35], mHealth [36,39], AI [54], digital health [16,45,47,49,51] | ||
|
|
Economic evaluation (n=7, 2.3%) | — | Non–face-to-face care models [33,35], mHealth [38,39], eHealth [42,48], digital health [51] | ||
|
|
Use of resources (n=4, 1.3%) and efficiency (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Non–face-to-face care models [35], mHealth [36], AI [54], digital health [47,49] | ||
| Ethical aspects (n=13, 4.2%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33], mHealth [38,55], AI [41,54], eHealth [42,48,50], digital health [44,46,49,51] | ||||
|
|
Equity (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Digital health [19] | ||
|
|
User control and self-determination (n=1, 0.3%) | — | mHealth [55], digital health [46] | ||
|
|
Responsibility (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Digital health [44,46] | ||
|
|
Explainability (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Digital health [46] | ||
| Human and sociocultural aspects (n=13, 4.2%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33,35], mHealth [36,38,39], AI [54], eHealth [42,48], digital health [17,49,51] | ||||
|
|
User experience (n=7, 2.3%) | — | Non–face-to-face care models [35], mHealth [39,40,52], digital health [17,44,56] | ||
|
|
Accessibility (n=3, 1.0%) | — | mHealth [52] | ||
|
|
Acceptability (n=2, 0.6%) | — | mHealth [39], AI [41] | ||
|
|
Engagement (n=2, 0.6%) | — | Digital health [44,56] | ||
|
|
Perceived profit (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Digital health [44] | ||
| Organizational aspects (n=3.68%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33], mHealth [38,39], AI [41,54], eHealth [42,43,48,50], digital health [49,51] | ||||
| Legal and regulatory aspects (n=10, 3.2%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33], mHealth [36,38], AI [54], eHealth [42,48,50], digital health [17,49,51] | ||||
|
|
Privacy (n=6, 1.9%) | — | mHealth [39,40,52,55], AI [41], digital health [44] | ||
|
|
Transparency (n=4, 1.3%) | — | mHealth [52,55], AI [41,54] | ||
|
|
Responsibility (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Digital health [44] | ||
| Description of health problem (n=8, 2.6%) | Non–face-to-face care models [33,34], mHealth [39], eHealth [50], digital health [49,51] | ||||
| Content (n=5, 1.6%) | mHealth [55], eHealth [50], digital health [44,56] | ||||
|
|
Information adequacy (n=2, 0.6%) | — | mHealth [55], digital health [56] | ||
|
|
Intervention adequacy (n=2, 0.6%) | — | Digital health [56] | ||
| Technical aspects (n=4, 1.3%) | AI [54], eHealth [42,48], digital health [17] | ||||
|
|
Usability (n=10, 3.2%) | — | mHealth [39,52,55], digital health [16,44,45,47,49,56] | ||
|
|
Adaptability (n=8, 2.6%) | — | Digital health [17] | ||
|
|
Adaptability (n=8, 2.6%) | Interoperability (n=4, 1.3%) | mHealth [39,52], digital health [16,49] | ||
|
|
Adaptability (n=8, 2.6%) | Scalability (n=2, 0.6%) | mHealth [52], AI [41] | ||
|
|
Adaptability (n=8, 2.6%) | Integration of data (n=1, 0.3%) | mHealth [40] | ||
|
|
Adaptability (n=8, 2.6%%) | Transferability (n=1, 0.3%) | eHealth [48] | ||
|
|
Quality (n=5, 1.6%) | — | eHealth [43], digital health [17,44,47] | ||
|
|
Design (n=5, 1.6%) | — | Digital health [56] | ||
|
|
Design (n=5, 1.6%) | Persuasive design (n=1, 0.3%) | Digital health [56] | ||
|
|
Technical stability (n=4, 1.3%) | — | mHealth: [38,52], digital health [16,47,49] | ||
|
|
Aesthetics (n=3, 1.0%) | — | mHealth [39], digital health [44,56] | ||
|
|
Ease of use (n=3, 1.0%) | — | mHealth [39,40], digital health [56] | ||
|
|
Accessibility (n=2, 0.6%) | — | mHealth [52], digital health [16] | ||
|
|
Technical effectiveness (n=1, 0.3%) or performance (n=2, 0.6%) | — | Digital health [17,47] | ||
|
|
Technical effectiveness (n=1, 0.3%) or performance (n=2, 0.6%) | Reliability (n=6, 1.9%) | mHealth [52,53], digital health [47] | ||
|
|
Technical effectiveness (n=1, 0.3%) or performance (n=2, 0.6%) | Validity (n=5, 1.6%) | mHealth [52,53], AI [41] | ||
|
|
Technical effectiveness (n=1, 0.3%) or performance (n=2, 0.6%) | Accuracy (n=2, 0.6%) | Digital health [19] | ||
|
|
Technical effectiveness (n=1, 0.3%) or performance (n=2, 0.6%) | Sensitivity (n=1, 0.3%) | Digital health [17] | ||
|
|
Feasibility (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Digital health [47] | ||
|
|
Generalizability and reproducibility (n=1, 0.3%) | — | AI [54] | ||
|
|
Interpretability (n=1, 0.3%) | — | AI [54] | ||
|
|
Customization (n=1, 0.3%) | — | Digital health [44] | ||
| Postmarketing monitoring (n=3, 1%) | mHealth [38], digital health [47] | ||||
adHT: digital health technology.
bmHealth: mobile health.
cAI: artificial intelligence.
dN/A: not applicable.