Table 1. Maternal and Child Characteristics by Treatment Assignment for Included Follow-Up Participants.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Betamethasone (n = 522) | Placebo (n = 504) | |
| Maternal | ||
| Race and ethnicitya | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 (0.4) | 0 |
| Asian | 21 (4.0) | 11 (2.2) |
| Hispanic | 147 (28.2) | 162 (32.1) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 3 (0.6) | 0 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 124 (23.8) | 134 (26.6) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 222 (42.5) | 195 (38.7) |
| ≥ 1 Self-reported race | 0 | 2 (0.4) |
| Unknown or not reported | 3 (0.6) | 0 |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 29 (6.3) | 29 (6.1) |
| ≥College degree (maternal), No./total (%) | 192/517 (37.1) | 187/503 (37.2) |
| Employed at randomization, No./total (%) | 217/521 (41.7) | 228/503 (45.3) |
| No. of prior pregnancies ≥20 wk | ||
| 0 | 209 (40.0) | 208 (41.3) |
| 1 | 131 (25.1) | 146 (29.0) |
| ≥2 | 182 (34.9) | 150 (29.8) |
| Smoked during pregnancy | 55 (10.5) | 53 (10.5) |
| Preeclampsia or gestational hypertension | 168 (32.2) | 157 (31.2) |
| Gestational diabetes | 54 (10.3) | 59 (11.7) |
| Indication for trial entry | ||
| Preterm labor with intact membranes | 143 (27.4) | 146 (29.0) |
| Ruptured membranes | 119 (22.8) | 108 (21.4) |
| Expected delivery | ||
| Gestational hypertension or preeclampsia | 150 (28.7) | 126 (25.0) |
| Fetal growth restriction | 13 (2.5) | 17 (3.4) |
| Oligohydramnios | 15 (2.9) | 10 (2.0) |
| Other indication | 82 (15.7) | 97 (19.2) |
| Gestational age at delivery, median (IQR), wk | 36 (35.4-36.7) | 36 (35.3-36.7) |
| Delivery ≥ 37 wk | 86 (16.5) | 83 (16.5) |
| Neonatal | ||
| Small for gestational age (<10th percentile) | 90 (17.2) | 79 (15.7) |
| Hypoglycemia, No./total (%) | 144/519 (27.7) | 90/501 (18.0) |
| Major congenital anomalyb | 1 (0.2) | 7 (1.4) |
| Enrolled child | (n = 521) | (n = 504) |
| Race and ethnicitya | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 | 0 |
| Asian | 14 (2.7) | 8 (1.6) |
| Hispanic | 174 (33.3) | 174 (34.5) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 2 (0.4) | 0 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 112 (21.5) | 127 (25.2) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 197 (37.7) | 185 (36.7) |
| ≥ 1 Self-reported race | 22 (4.2) | 10 (2.0) |
| Unknown or not reported | 0 | 0 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 7 (6.5-7.7) | 7 (6.5-7.6) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 233 (44.6) | 237 (47.0) |
| Male | 289 (55.4) | 267 (53.0) |
| Private insurance, No./total (%)c | 229/521 (44.0) | 220/504 (43.7) |
a
Maternal race and ethnicity were based on self-report; the child’s race and ethnicity on parent or guardian report.
b
Although the presence of a major congenital anomaly was an exclusion criterion in the parent trial, these disorders were not discovered until birth.
c
Those without private insurance have government-assisted insurance or are self-pay or uninsured.