Figure 3.

Chemical modifications on major FDA-approved oligonucleotide drugs

Chemical modifications of the FDA-approved oligonucleotide drugs: (A) fomivirsen, (B) inotersen, (C) eteplirsen, (D) golodirsen, (E) patisiran, (F) givosiran, (G) lumasiran, (H) vutrisiran, and (I) miravirsen. Circles in different colors refer to different nucleotides and their derivatives, and short lines with different colors refer to phosphodiester or phosphorothioate linkages. PMO, phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers; 2ʹ-OMe, 2ʹ-O-methyl; 2ʹ-MOE, 2ʹ-O-methoxyethyl; 2ʹ-F, 2ʹ-fluoro; GalNAc, N-acetylgalactosamine; 5-Methyl-U, 5-methyluridine; 5-Methyl-C, 5-methylcytidine.