Table 3.

 Multigroup analysis: Invariance, goodness-of-fit indexes, and model comparison

Variable	Model	χ2	df	p	CFI	TLI	RMSEA (90% CI)	SRMR	|Δ RMSEA|	|Δ SRMR|	|Δ CFI|
Country	M1. Configural	305.009	118	< 0.01	0.974	0.966	0.045 (0.039 − 0.052)	0.037	-	-	-
	M2. Metric	322.091	127	< 0.01	0.973	0.967	0.049 (0.039 − 0.052)	0.040	0.004	0.003	− 0.001
	M3. Scalar	373.654	136	< 0.01	0.967	0.962	0.048 (0.042 − 0.053)	0.041	0.001	0.001	− 0.006
	M4. Strict	437.618	149	< 0.01	0.960	0.958	0.050 (0.045 − 0.056)	0.043	0.002	0.002	− 0.007
Gender	M1. Configural	296.723	118	< 0.01	0.975	0.967	0.044 (0.038 − 0.051)	0.036	-	-	-
	M2. Metric	309.456	127	< 0.01	0.974	0.968	0.043 (0.037 − 0.049)	0.038	− 0.001	0.002	− 0.001
	M3. Scalar	335.667	136	< 0.01	0.972	0.968	0.044 (0.038 − 0.050)	0.039	0.001	0.001	− 0.002
	M4. Strict	359.723	149	< 0.01	0.970	0.969	0.043 (0.037 − 0.049)	0.039	− 0.001	0.000	− 0.002
Age	M1. Configural	489.132	236	< 0.01	0.965	0.954	0.053 (0.046 − 0.059)	0.046	-	-	-
	M2. Metric	565.129	236	< 0.01	0.958	0.951	0.055 (0.048 − 0.061)	0.055	− 0.001	− 0.008	0.006
	M3. Scalar	680.382	290	< 0.01	0.946	0.942	0.059 (0.053 − 0.065)	0.058	− 0.004	− 0.003	0.01
	M4. Strict	782.048	329	< 0.01	0.938	0.941	0.060 (0.054 − 0.065)	0.061	− 0.005	− 0.006	0.02

Note. χ², chi-squared test; df, degrees of freedom; p, p value; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker-Lewis index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; CI, confidence interval; SRMR, standardized root mean square residual. Change values compare the model to the previous model and comparison criteria are: ΔCFI < 0.010, ΔRMSEA < 0.015, ΔSRMR < 0.030