Table 1.

Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population Included in the Analyses, by Opioid dose Pattern (n = 17 540 Patients; 18 228 Observations)^*.

Characteristic	Stable (n= 10535)	≤ 10% dose reduction/month (n = 2786)	11 %−20% dose reduction/month (n = 1579)	21 %−30% dose reduction/month (n= 1070)	>30% dose reduction/month (n = 2258)
Age, mean (SD), years†	54.3 (14.5)	56.9 (16.0)	54.6 (15.9)	54.1 (15.0)	54.3 (15.6)
Female	6104 (57.9)	1701 (61.1)	949 (60.1)	628 (58.7)	1304 (57.8)
Race/ethnicity
Hispanic	1930 (18.3)	452 (16.2)	314 (19.9)	195 (18.2)	386 (17.1)
White	6984 (66.3)	1939 (69.6)	1052 (66.6)	717 (67.0)	1512 (67.0)
Black	808 (7.7)	206 (7.4)	102 (6.5)	77 (7.2)	169 (7.5)
Other racial/ethnic groups	344 (3.3)	63 (2.3)	43 (2.7)	30 (2.8)	76 (3.4)
Missing	469 (4.5)	126 (4.5)	68 (4.3)	51 (4.8)	115 (5.1)
Medicaid coverage†	2516 (23.9)	555 (19.9)	373 (23.6)	278 (26.0)	565 (25.0)
Diagnoses
Mental health‡	4906 (46.6)	1316 (47.2)	831 (52.6)	581 (54.3)	1115 (49.4)
Opioid use disorder‡	430 (4.1)	102 (3.7)	79 (5.0)	62 (5.8)	121 (5.4)
Other substance use disorder‡	853 (8.1)	230 (8.3)	157 (9.9)	126 (11.8)	261 (11.6)
Alcohol use disorder‡	593 (5.6)	151 (5.4)	116 (7.4)	89 (8.3)	163 (7.2)
Tobacco use or nicotine use disorder‡	4115 (39.1)	945 (33.9)	599 (37.9)	432 (40.4)	876 (38.8)
Benzodiazepine dispensing§	1782 (16.9)	488 (17.5)	315 (20.0)	214 (20.0)	402 (17.8)
Modified Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD)‡	1.1 (1.6)	1.3 (1.7)	1.3 (1.7)	1.2 (1.7)	1.2 (1.7)
Average daily morphine equivalents, mg, mean (SD)||	53.2 (79.7)	43.0 (56.6)	50.7 (71.9)	59.1 (115.9)	49.3 (66.8)

^*Data are presented as number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated;

^†Assessed at the start of the baseline period;

^‡Assessed in the year prior to the baseline period;

^§Any dispensing in the 30 days before the start of the baseline period or any dispensing prior to the baseline period with days’ supply that ended at or crossed the baseline period;

^||Assessed for the stable period prior to the baseline period.