Fig. 5. Implementation of bioengineered tissues and on-chip platforms for high-throughput screening and precision medicine.

a) Patient-specific cells, both terminally mature and undifferentiated progenitors, can be used as cell sources for personalized medicine applications, which include: b) Microscale biomimetic tissue constructs for the rapid and high throughput assessment of drug safety and efficacy; c) Development of organ-on-a-chip platforms for disease modeling, based on the modulation of physiological determinants, such as abnormal flow, electrical stimulation, and tissue mechanics; d) Design of organ-on-a-chip platforms to facilitate the development of personalized therapeutic regimes that take into account the genetic make-up and the remarkable heterogeneity of each individual patient.