Table 1. . Characteristics of patients in the index COVID-19 hospitalization, by all-cause readmission within 30-days .
| Readmitted patients | Non-readmitted patients | Overall | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (n) | 33,217 | 407,384 | 440,601 | |
| Hospitals (n) | 747 | 852 | 852 | |
| Age, years | Median [IQR] | 71.0 [60.0; 80.0] | 63.0 [51.0; 74.0] | 63.0 [51.0; 74.0] |
| Age group, years | 18–49 | 11% | 23% | 22% |
| 50–64 | 24% | 32% | 31% | |
| 65+ | 65% | 45% | 47% | |
| Race | White | 73% | 69% | 70% |
| Black | 18% | 17% | 17% | |
| Asian | 2% | 2% | 2% | |
| Other | 7% | 12% | 11% | |
| Sex | Female | 48% | 49% | 49% |
| Ethnicity | Hispanic | 11% | 17% | 16% |
| Non-Hispanic | 79% | 73% | 73% | |
| Unknown | 10% | 11% | 11% | |
| Primary payor | Commercial | 15% | 31% | 29% |
| Medicare | 70% | 48% | 49% | |
| Medicaid | 10% | 12% | 12% | |
| Other payor | 5% | 10% | 10% | |
| CCI | 0 | 15% | 33% | 32% |
| 1–3 | 49% | 51% | 50% | |
| ≥4 | 36% | 16% | 18% | |
| Hospital setting | Urban | 86% | 86% | 86% |
| Rural | 14% | 14% | 14% | |
| Teaching status | Teaching | 42% | 39% | 40% |
| Census regions | Midwest | 24% | 21% | 21% |
| Northeast | 11% | 10% | 10% | |
| South | 53% | 55% | 55% | |
| West | 12% | 14% | 14% | |
| Bed size | <100 | 6% | 7% | 7% |
| 100–199 | 15% | 17% | 17% | |
| 200–299 | 20% | 20% | 20% | |
| 300–399 | 21% | 19% | 19% | |
| 400–499 | 10% | 9% | 10% | |
| 500+ | 29% | 27% | 27% | |
| Maximum supplemental oxygen requirement (highest level of oxygenation during the index COVID-19 hospitalization) | NSOc | 42% | 39% | 39% |
| LFO | 40% | 42% | 42% | |
| HFO/NIV | 16% | 16% | 16% | |
| IMV/ECMO | 3% | 3% | 3% | |
| LOS | Median [IQR] | 5.0 [3.0; 8.0] | 5.0 [3.0; 9.0] | 5.0 [3.0; 9.0] |
| ICU stay | 19% | 20% | 20% | |
| COVID-19 treatments | Remdesivir | 48% | 57% | 56% |
| Corticosteroids | 86% | 87% | 87% | |
| Remdesivir + corticosteroids | 41% | 48% | 47% | |
| Corticosteroids monotherapy | 38% | 29% | 29% | |
| Remdesivir monotherapy | 1% | 2% | 1% | |
| Remdesivir + corticosteroids + (baricitinib or tocilizumab) | 5% | 8% | 8% | |
| Remdesivir + (corticosteroids or baricitinib or tocilizumab) | 46% | 56% | 55% |
CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; HFO/NIV: High-flow oxygen/non-invasive ventilation; ICU: Intensive care unit; IMV/ECMO: Invasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IQR: Interquartile range; LFO: Low-flow oxygen; LOS: Length of stay; NSOc: No supplementary oxygen charges.