Table 1. Characteristics of dementia and non-dementia groups.
| Characteristic | Total | Dementia | Non-dementia | P-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Total | 867,677 | (100.0) | 57,346 | (100.0) | 810,331 | (100.0) | ||
| Polypharmacy ** | 0–4 | 524,210 | (60.4) | 17,028 | (29.7) | 507,182 | (62.6) | <0.0001 |
| 5–9 | 274,909 | (31.7) | 26,737 | (46.6) | 248,172 | (30.6) | ||
| 10+ | 68,558 | (7.9) | 13,581 | (23.7) | 54,977 | (6.8) | ||
| Sex | Male | 388,789 | (44.8) | 18,344 | (32.0) | 370,445 | (45.7) | <0.0001 |
| Female | 478,888 | (55.2) | 39,002 | (68.0) | 439,886 | (54.3) | ||
| Age (mean±SD) | 70.1 | (7.9) | 79.6 | (7.0) | 69.5 | (7.5) | <0.0001 | |
| Age range | 60–64 | 274,239 | (31.6) | 2,125 | (3.7) | 272,114 | (33.6) | <0.0001 |
| 65–69 | 189,866 | (21.9) | 3,603 | (6.3) | 186,263 | (23.0) | ||
| 70–74 | 148,178 | (17.1) | 6,619 | (11.5) | 141,559 | (17.5) | ||
| 75–79 | 123,755 | (14.3) | 13,124 | (22.9) | 110,631 | (13.7) | ||
| 80–84 | 84,352 | (9.7) | 16,724 | (29.2) | 67,628 | (8.3) | ||
| 85–89 | 39,630 | (4.6) | 12,219 | (21.3) | 27,411 | (3.4) | ||
| 90–91 | 7,657 | (0.9) | 2,932 | (5.1) | 4,725 | (0.6) | ||
| Disability | Severe | 30,859 | (3.6) | 5,286 | (9.2) | 25,573 | (3.2) | <0.0001 |
| Mild | 87,855 | (10.1) | 10,675 | (18.6) | 77,180 | (9.5) | ||
| None | 748,963 | (86.3) | 41,385 | (72.2) | 707,578 | (87.3) | ||
| Region | Seoul-Metro | 385,324 | (44.4) | 21,743 | (37.9) | 363,581 | (44.9) | <0.0001 |
| Chungcheong | 95,723 | (11.0) | 7,319 | (12.8) | 88,404 | (10.9) | ||
| Honam | 101,664 | (11.7) | 9,493 | (16.6) | 92,171 | (11.4) | ||
| Gyeongsang | 241,936 | (27.9) | 15,828 | (27.6) | 226,108 | (27.9) | ||
| Gangwon-Jeju | 43,030 | (5.0) | 2,963 | (5.2) | 40,067 | (4.9) | ||
| Income level | Medical Aid | 58,010 | (6.7) | 8,452 | (14.7) | 49,558 | (6.1) | <0.0001 |
| NHI 1st | 141,169 | (16.3) | 8,684 | (15.1) | 132,485 | (16.3) | ||
| NHI 2nd | 97,507 | (11.2) | 4,419 | (7.7) | 93,088 | (11.5) | ||
| NHI 3rd | 127,012 | (14.6) | 6,595 | (11.5) | 120,417 | (14.9) | ||
| NHI 4th | 173,556 | (20.0) | 9,348 | (16.3) | 164,208 | (20.3) | ||
| NHI 5th (richest) | 270,423 | (31.2) | 19,848 | (34.6) | 250,575 | (30.9) | ||
| Type of long-term care benefits | Institutional care | 10,923 | (1.3) | 8,681 | (15.1) | 2,242 | (0.3) | <0.0001 |
| Home care | 36,716 | (4.2) | 19,036 | (33.2) | 17,680 | (2.2) | ||
| None | 820,038 | (94.5) | 29,629 | (51.7) | 790,409 | (97.5) | ||
| Duration of dementia (years) | <1 | 24,014 | (41.9) | |||||
| 1–3 | 11,273 | (19.7) | ||||||
| 3–10 | 19,041 | (33.2) | ||||||
| ≥10 | 3,018 | (5.3) | ||||||
| CCI | ≤2 | 651,670 | (75.1) | 18,898 | (33.0) | 632,772 | (78.1) | <0.0001 |
| 3–4 | 152,305 | (17.6) | 20,579 | (35.9) | 131,726 | (16.3) | ||
| ≥5 | 63,702 | (7.3) | 17,869 | (31.2) | 45,833 | (5.7) | ||
*Chi-square or t-test of differences between dementia and non-dementia groups
**Number of concurrently prescribed medications over 90 d
SD: standard deviation, NHI: National Health Insurance, CCI: Charlson comorbidity index