Table 4:

Association of variables with odds of leaving without being seen or against medical advice, from modelling interaction of First Nations status with all other independent variables

Variable	OR (95% CI)		p value*
	First Nations patients	Non–First Nations patients
Sex
Male	1.11 (1.08–1.13)	1.06 (1.05–1.07)	< 0.001
Female or other	Ref.	Ref.
Age category, yr
≤ 17	0.63 (0.61–0.64)	0.69 (0.69–0.70)	< 0.001
18–54	Ref.	Ref.
≥ 55	0.59 (0.57–0.62)	0.54 (0.53–0.55)	< 0.001
Comorbidities
0	Ref.	Ref.
≥ 1	0.91 (0.89–0.93)	0.89 (0.87–0.90)	0.07
Neighbourhood income, $
< 42 000	1.16 (1.13–1.18)	1.11 (1.10–1.12)	< 0.001
≥ 42 000	Ref.	Ref.
Travel distance, km
> 5	0.92 (0.90–0.94)	0.87 (0.86–0.87)	< 0.001
≤ 5	Ref.	Ref.
Ambulance arrival
Yes	0.94 (0.92–0.97)	0.78 (0.77–0.80)	< 0.001
No	Ref.	Ref.
Time
Day (8:01–16:00)	Ref.	Ref.
Evening (16:01–0:00)	1.06 (1.04–1.08)	1.38 (1.37–1.39)	< 0.001
Night (0:01–8:00)	1.18 (1.14–1.21)	1.31 (1.29–1.32)	< 0.001
CTAS
CTAS 1–2	0.46 (0.43–0.48)	0.49 (0.48–0.50)	0.02
CTAS 3	Ref.	Ref.
CTAS 4–5	1.28 (1.26–1.31)	1.12 (1.11–1.13)	< 0.001
CTAS missing	4.88 (4.71–5.07)	3.23 (3.17–3.30)	< 0.001
Facility type
Small metro	2.03 (1.94–2.13)	1.65 (1.62–1.69)	< 0.001
Large metro	2.87 (2.79–2.96)	2.41 (2.37–2.45)	< 0.001
Regional outside metro	1.86 (1.79–1.93)	2.05 (2.02–2.01)	< 0.001
Large community	Ref.	Ref.
Small facilities outside metro	0.89 (0.87–0.92)	1.04 (1.02–1.05)	< 0.001

Note: CI = confidence interval, CTAS = Canadian Triage Acuity Scale, OR = odds ratio.

^*Significance of difference of the interaction of First Nations status; significant p values indicate that the OR of the variable is significantly different for First Nations patients than non–First Nations patients.