Table 1.
Agreement with statements relating to knowledge, perceptions of and attitudes towards antibiotic use, antimicrobial resistance, and antibiotic stewardship among 996 healthcare workers, overall and by role. Agreement includes “strongly agree” and “agree” responses
| Question | Overall N = 996 (%) |
Physician N = 519 (%) |
Nurse N = 324 (%) |
Pharmacist N = 109 (%) |
Other N = 44 (%) |
P value* | P value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimizing AU is a priority at my HCF | 934 (93.8) | 487 (93.8) | 299 (92.3) | 105 (96.3) | 43 (97.7) | 0.304 | 0.936 |
| AU is discussed at facility-wide multidisciplinary meetings | 820 (82.3) | 449 (86.5) | 253 (78.1) | 86 (78.9) | 32 (72.7) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| I am familiar with the term “antibiotic stewardship” | 772 (77.5) | 415 (79.9) | 226 (69.7) | 96 (88.1) | 35 (79.5) | 0.000 | 0.05 |
| The importance of AS is communicated at my HCF | 690 (69.3) | 397 (76.5) | 208 (64.2) | 65 (59.6) | 20 (45.4) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| I trust the microbiology test results that I receive at my HCF | 905 (90.9) | 488 (94.0) | 280 (86.4) | 96 (88.1) | 41 (93.2) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| My HCF promptly alerts prescribers about relevant positive culture results to modify antibiotic therapy | 839 (84.2) | 451 (86.7) | 268 (82.7) | 81 (74.3) | 39 (88.6) | 0.007 | 0.01 |
| I am able to access my HCF's updated antibiogram | 504 (50.6) | 284 (54.7) | 152 (46.9) | 43 (39.4) | 25 (56.8) | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics when equally effective narrower spectrum antibiotics are available increases AMR | 883 (88.6) | 493 (94.9) | 257 (79.3) | 96 (88.1) | 37 (84.1) | < 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Inappropriate antibiotic use can harm patients | 989 (99.3) | 518 (99.8) | 319 (98.5) | 109 (100) | 43 (97.7) | 0.05 | 0.04 |
| The incidence of antibiotic-resistant organisms can be reduced by optimizing antibiotic prescribing patterns and infection prevention and control practices | 978 (98.2) | 526 (99.4) | 312 (96.3) | 107 (98.2) | 43 (97.7) | 0.012 | 0.02 |
| Appropriate use of antibiotics may reduce antibiotic resistance | 977 (98.1) | 515 (99.2) | 311 (95.9) | 109 (100) | 42 (95.4) | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Requiring clinicians to obtain approval prior to prescribing certain antibiotics is a way to improve AU | 923 (92.7) | 477 (91.9) | 300 (92.6) | 104 (95.4) | 42 (95.4) | 0.541 | 0.335 |
| Antibiotics are overused at my HCF | 273 (27.4) | 190 (36.6) | 46 (14.2) | 28 (25.7) | 9 (20.4) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Antibiotic resistance is a problem at my HCF | 465 (46.7) | 295 (56.8) | 90 (27.8) | 61 (66.9) | 19 (43.2) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| There is multidisciplinary teamwork for antibiotic decision-making activities at my HCF | 774 (77.7) | 430 (82.8) | 236 (72.8) | 75 (68.8) | 33 (75) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| I value recommendations from the AS team at my HCF | 751 (75.4) | 404 (77.8) | 235 (72.5) | 81 (74.3) | 31 (70.4) | 0.289 | 0.06 |
| I have access to locally endorsed ID treatment guidelines | 641 (64.4) | 383 (73.8) | 172 (53.1) | 61 (55.9) | 25 (56.8) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| I have adequate access to ID expertise at my HCF | 906 (90.9) | 497 (96.7) | 282 (87.0) | 89 (81.6) | 38 (86.4) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| I feel comfortable recommending an intervention to my colleagues on AU | 589 (59.1) | 390 (75.1) | 125 (38.6) | 57 (52.3) | 17 (38.6) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| HCWs educate patients and/or their families on the use of antibiotics at discharge at my HCF | 643 (64.5) | 319 (61.5) | 233 (71.9) | 63 (57.8) | 28 (63.6) | 0.007 | 0.03 |
AU antibiotic use, HCF healthcare facility, AMR antimicrobial resistance, AS antibiotic stewardship, ID infectious diseases
*Refers to overall P value of the chi-square test comparing strongly agree/agree vs. neutral/disagree/strongly disagree for the different roles overall
**Refers to the P value of the chi-square test comparing physician vs. non-physician roles