Extended Data Fig. 7. Animal welfare costs of 74 UK breed-to-finish pig systems by a) breeding and b) finishing husbandry type.

There were significant differences among costs by husbandry type (Kruskal-Wallis by breeding type χ² = 32.1, df=2, p < 0.01 and husbandry type χ² = 31.4, df=4, p < 0.01, both n = 43). Post-hoc Dunn’s analyses found indoor-bred systems had higher costs than outdoor-bred systems (p < 0.01), and slatted-finished systems had higher costs than outdoor-finished (p > 0.01). Letters above boxplots show the results from Dunn’s post-hoc tests, controlled for multiple comparisons using the Holm method, with different letters indicating significant differences between median values. Upper and lower hinges correspond to the first and third quartiles. Upper and lower whiskers extend to 1.5 times the interquartile range from upper and lower hinges respectively. The middle horizontal bar is the median.