Fig. 2.

Loss of Lphn1 increases food intake in male and female mice and alters energy metabolism in male mice. a Food intake during both the light and the dark phase is increased in Lphn1 knockout (KO) mice compared to wild-type (WT) littermates in male and female animals. b Analysis of food intake using body mass as a covariate shows that loss of LPHN1 rather than increased body weight is causative (ANCOVA, female: p = 0.09, male: p = 0.03). c 30-34-week-old Lphn1 male and female knockout mice show similar levels of movement activity than wild-type (WT) littermates independently of light or dark phase. d Wheel running activity shows a trend towards reduction in Lphn1 knockout animals. e Energy expenditure does not show significant differences in Lphn1 knockout mice compared to wild-type littermates. f The overall energy balance (food intake minus energy expenditure) is significantly increased in male Lphn1 knockout mice during both the light and dark phases. g, h The respiratory exchange rate in male Lphn1 KO mice is significantly higher than in WT controls during light and dark phase whereas no change is obvious in female animals. Data in are given as means ± SD of three to five 30–34-week-old animals; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001