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. 2024 Apr 25;14:9555. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60217-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Heat map for the 59 metabolites identified by LC-QTOF-MS and GC/MS-QTOF using the KEGG database Comparison between the relevant metabolites identified in the LN versus SLE urine samples. On the top right is the colorimetric scale: if the color tends to dark red, then the metabolite's concentration was increased; if the color tends to dark blue, then the metabolite's concentration was decreased. The red and green boxes on the upper right correspond to the LN group (Lupus Nephritis; n = 17; red) and SLE group (systemic lupus erythematous; n = 16; green). On the left side of the heatmap is the clustering division. Results obtained by the cluster analysis performed with MetaboAnalyst 5.0.