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. 2024 Apr 25;14:9497. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-59713-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Distribution of FAM20C and FAM20A in control and RNS mutant gingivas. (A,D) In control gingiva, FAM20C immunoreactivity was found in large cytoplasmic vesicles of keratinocytes (A) and fibroblasts (D). (B,E) In RNS-1 gingiva, FAM20C immunoreactivity was localized around the nuclei of keratinocytes (arrow, (B)) and fibroblasts (arrow, (E)). Diffuse cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was also observed in some cells (arrowhead). (C,F) In RNS-2 gingiva, FAM20C was normally found in the cytoplasm of both keratinocytes (C) and fibroblasts (F), albeit with a weaker staining. (G–I) FAM20A was expressed in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts of control (G) as well as RNS-1 (H) and RNS-2 (i) gingivas. (J) In GFs FAM20C expression (green) was found in the endoplasmic reticulum and at the interface with the cis-Golgi in HPA-positive (red) compartment (arrows). (K) In RNS-1 GFs, the staining was perinuclear. (L) In RNS-2 GFs, the staining was weaker and appeared in small cytoplasmic aggregates (arrowhead). (M–O) Co-staining of control, RNS-1 and RNS-2 GFs with Concanavalin A. (M) Limited co-localization (arrow) of FAM20C (green) and the ER marker Concanavalin A in control GFs. (N) Extensive colocalization (arrow) of FAM20C and Concanavalin A in RNS-1 GFs. (O) Extensive colocalization (arrow) of FAM20C and Concanavalin A in RNS-2 GFs. Scale bars: (A–I) = 30 μm; (J–O) = 12 μm.