Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients.
| Characteristics | Beta‐blocker (n = 2558) | ND‐CCB (n = 246) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 82.15 (4.74) | 80.16 (5.08) | .000 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1604 (62.71) | 139 (56.50) | .055 |
| GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 63.35 (18.65) | 68.13 (17.63) | .000 |
| Admission for congestive heart failure, n (%) | 211 (8.25) | 16 (6.50) | .338 |
| Permanent AF, n (%) | 1880 (73.49) | 190 (77.24) | .202 |
| COPD, n (%) | 244 (9.54) | 49 (19.92) | .000 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 2066 (80.77) | 185 (75.20) | .036 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 539 (21.07) | 43 (17.48) | .185 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 1293 (50.55) | 145 (58.94) | .012 |
| BMI | 30.03 (4.36) | 30.34 (4.45) | .289 |
| Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 98 (3.83) | 9 (3.66) | .893 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 393 (15.36) | 36 (14.63) | .761 |
| CHA2DS2Vasc scale | 4.08 (1.10) | 3.96 (1.10) | .080 |
| HAS‐BLED | 2.94 (1.09) | 2.90 (1.16) | .596 |
| Anemia, n (%)a | 623 (24.35) | 43 (17.48) | .016 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 251 (9.81) | 32 (13.01) | .112 |
| Aortic stenosis, n (%) | 129 (5.04) | 11 (4.47) | .694 |
| Mitral regurgitation, n (%) | 86 (3.36) | 10 (4.07) | .562 |
| Anticoagulated, n (%) | 2206 (86.24) | 211 (85.77) | .839 |
| Statin, n (%) | 1173 (45.86) | 136 (55.28) | .005 |
| ACE or ARB, n (%) | 1462 (57.15) | 132 (53.66) | .290 |
Note: Values are mean ± standard deviation or n (%).
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CHA2DS2Vasc, congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥ 75 years, diabetes mellitus, previous stroke, transient ischemic attack, or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HAS‐BLED, hypertension, abnormal renal function, abnormal liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drug therapy, alcohol intake, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; ND‐CCB, nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers.
Anemia at inclusion.